[Movement Disorders and Rehabilitation in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus].

Movement disorders, particularly gait and balance disturbances can lead to falls and reduced daily activities in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). In this study, we investigate movement disorders from both the pathophysiological and kinematic perspectives in patients with iNPH. Additionally, we discuss essential factors that should be evaluated before and after cerebrospinal fluid tap tests and shunt surgeries and considerations for assessment of fall risk in patients with iNPH.

Mediolateral Postural Control during Gait in Parkinson's Disease.

Objectives: Balance in the mediolateral direction is usually maintained in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD), but not in moderate-stage PD as revealed by the Tandem Gait Test. Although mediolateral postural control in PD patients remains controversial, previous studies have shown that the Tandem Gait Test may predict the risk of future falls in patients with PD. This study aimed to clarify postural control differences among PD patients with and without mediolateral balance impairments (MLBI: mediolateral balance impairments, nMLBI: non-mediolateral balance impairments, respectively) and healthy controls (HCs).

Dynamic gait stability in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with high and low fall-risk.

Background: This study aimed to investigate whether dynamic gait stability differs between idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus with high- and low-fall-risk.

Methods: Participants comprised 40 idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients and 23 healthy-controls. Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients were divided into those with high-fall-risk (n = 20) and low-fall-risk (n = 20) groups using the cut-off score of ≤14/30 for fall-risk on the Functional Gait Assessment.

Rehabilitation effects in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Gait-balance disturbances are core symptoms of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). However, the rehabilitation effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting along with other treatment or no further treatment (natural course [NC]) for iNPH are unknown.

Objectives: This study evaluated whether dynamic equilibrium gait training (DEGT) can improve gait-balance functions after CSF shunting of patients with iNPH compared to standard exercise (SE) and NC.

Corrigendum: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Tap Test by Combining the Use of Functional Gait Assessment and Global Rating of Change.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.

Dynamic stability during gait in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To clarify a characteristic of dynamic stability during gait in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and to explore the association between dynamic stability and disease severity in each disease.

Materials And Methods: The 5-m gait of 36 iNPH (precerebrospinal fluid drainage), 20 PD (medicated state), and 25 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated using three-dimensional motion analysis. Ambulatory dynamic stability was defined as the ability to maintain the extrapolated center of mass within the base of support at heel contact, with the distance between the two referred to as the margin of stability (MOS).

Forward gait instability in patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait.

Freezing of gait (FOG) appears to be associated with increased risk of forward falls in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to experimentally validate forward gait instability in PD patients with FOG (PD + FOG). Eleven PD + FOG patients, 9 PD patients without FOG (PD - FOG), and 13 healthy controls participated.

Perceived and actual changes in gait balance after CSF shunting in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objectives: We evaluated the perceived and actual changes in gait and balance function immediately after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), including those with mild cases.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-nine iNPH patients were assessed using the timed Up and Go (TUG) and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) before and 1-week after CSF shunting and their perceived changes were assessed on a Global Rate of Change (GRC) scale. Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) were calculated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method using GRC scores.

Associations among falls, gait variability, and balance function in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objectives: The factors influencing falls in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) remain unclear, although iNPH-associated gait and balance disturbances can lead to an increased risk of falls. This study aimed to investigate the associations among fall status, gait variability, balance function in iNPH, and to identify fall-related factors in iNPH.

Patients And Methods: Sixty-three patients with iNPH with a positive cerebrospinal fluid tap test result according to the iNPH diagnosis criteria participated in this prospective cross-sectional study.

Dynamic Balance Measurements Can Differentiate Patients Who Fall From Patients Who Do Not Fall in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Objectives: To investigate which clinical assessments are suitable for differentiating patients who fall from patients who do not fall in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Osaka Medical College Hospital.

The effect of comprehensive physiotherapy-based rehabilitation on stooped posture in Parkinson's disease.

[Purpose] The effect of physiotherapy on stooped posture in Parkinson's disease patients remains to be clarified. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether comprehensive physiotherapy-based rehabilitation can improve stooped posture in Parkinson's disease patients. [Participants and Methods] The participants were Parkinson's disease patients with stooped posture.

Postural control before and after cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objectives: This study aimed to confirm whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) improves postural instability, and to investigate the relationship between postural control and gait ability.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-three iNPH patients and 18 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were examined using the timed up and go (TUG) test and a force platform for calculating the center of pressure (COP) trajectory during voluntary multidirectional leaning and quiescent standing. We determined the patients' TUG values and COP trajectories before and after shunt surgery.

The effect of CSF drainage on ambulatory center of mass movement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Background: Although gait and balance disturbances are core symptoms of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), the ambulatory center of mass (COM) movements in patients with iNPH remain unclear. We aimed to clarify the ambulatory COM movements using an accelerometer on the patients' lower torsos and to investigate the changes in COM movement after cerebrospinal fluid tap tests (TT) and shunt surgeries (SS).

Methods: Twenty-three patients with iNPH and 18 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited.

Postural instability differences between idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: We investigated the differences in postural control disability between idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Patients And Methods: Twenty-seven iNPH patients, 20 PD patients, and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and a force platform for recording the center of pressure (COP) trajectory during quiescent standing and voluntary multidirectional leaning (forward, backward, right, and left for 10 s each).

Results: In the leaning task, postural control in PD patients was impaired during forward and backward leaning, whereas postural control in iNPH patients was impaired in all directions.

Time and direction preparation of the long latency stretch reflex.

This study investigated time and direction preparation of motor response to force load while intending to maintain the finger at the initial neutral position. Force load extending or flexing the index finger was given while healthy humans intended to maintain the index finger at the initial neutral position. Electromyographic activity was recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle.

The effect of tonic contraction of the finger muscle on the motor cortical representation of the contracting adjacent muscle.

This study examined the effect of tonic contraction of the finger muscle on the motor cortical representation of the contracting adjacent muscle. A representation map of the motor evoked potential (MEP) in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles was obtained with the subject at rest or during tonic contraction of the ADM muscle while the FDI muscle was tonically contracted. The center of gravity (COG) of the MEP map in the FDI muscle shifted medially during contraction of the ADM muscle.

Asymmetry of anticipatory postural adjustment during gait initiation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the asymmetry of anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) during gait initiation and to determine whether the process of choosing the initial swing leg affects APA during gait initiation. The participants initiated gait with the leg indicated by a start tone or initiated gait with the leg spontaneously chosen. The dependent variables of APA were not significantly different among the condition of initiating gait with the preferred leg indicated by the start tone, the condition of initiating gait with the non-preferred leg indicated by the start tone, and the condition of initiating gait with the leg spontaneously chosen.