Serial brain MRI changes related to autoimmune pathophysiology in Hashimoto encephalopathy with anti-NAE antibodies: A case-series study.

Purpose: Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) is an autoimmune-mediated encephalopathy associated with anti-thyroid antibodies. We previously discovered serum autoantibodies against the NH-terminal of α-enolase (NAE), which serve as a specific diagnostic biomarker for HE and may be involved in the autoimmune pathophysiology of HE, including vasculitis. Although the common findings of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in HE have been recognized as normal or non-specific white matter lesions, serial MRI changes have been less well studied.

Influenza A (H3N2)-induced rhabdomyolysis complicating anterior compartment syndrome: Serial changes in muscle MRI T2 fat suppression imaging.

Background: Rhabdomyolysis with influenza infection is rarely reported in adults. We report here influenza A induced rhabdomyolysis and anterior compartment syndrome (ACS).

Case Report: This case report describes a 43-year-old woman exhibiting influenza A induced rhabdomyolysis.

Diagnostic Performance and Patient Acceptance of Reduced-Laxative CT Colonography for the Detection of Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Neoplasms: A Multicenter Prospective Trial.

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and patient acceptance of reduced-laxative computed tomographic (CT) colonography without computer-aided detection (CAD) for the detection of colorectal polypoid and non-polypoid neoplasms in a population with a positive recent fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. This multicenter prospective trial enrolled patients who had positive FIT results.

Muscle MRI of the Upper Extremity in the Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1.

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between muscle MRI findings and weakness of the upper extremity muscles in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).

Methods: Nineteen DM1 patients from 15 families were enrolled in this study. Muscle weakness was evaluated using the modified Medical Research Council scale.

Familial Summer-type Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Review of 25 Families and 50 Cases in Japan.

Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SHP) is the most common form of pneumonitis in Japan; it accounts for 74% of all cases. It has been reported that 19.5-23.

Clinical manifestations and prognostic factor of iliopsoas abscess.

Introduction: Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is a collection of pus in the iliopsoas compartment, which is considered rare in Japan. However, the number of patients with IPA has recently increased among the elderly or compromised hosts.

Subjects And Methods: This retrospective study aims to examine the clinical pictures, pathological findings, and the prognostic factor of IPA.

A case of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome caused by malignant melanoma in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.

A 71 year-old obese woman complained of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) related symptoms. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 73.5/hour.

Therapeutic impact of CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage in treatment of deep tissue abscesses.

Combination therapy of CT-guided percutaneous drainage and antibiotics is the first-line treatment for abscesses. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated. However, the therapeutic impact of this procedure for infection treatment has never been reported.

Is emphysema a risk factor for pneumothorax in CT-guided lung biopsy?

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy is commonly used to make a histological diagnosis for pulmonary lesions. Its most common complication is pneumothorax. While it is thought that CT-guided lung biopsy should be avoided in patients with emphysema, however, there is no scientific report documenting the relationship the occurrence of pneumothorax and the severity of emphysema.

A successful diagnostic case of Pneumocystis pneumonia by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method in a patient with dermatomyositis.

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) can occur in patients with many causes of the immunocompromised state other than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is quite difficult to diagnose PCP without HIV because there is no method for detecting Pneumocystis jirovecii. Thus, non-HIV PCP continues to have high mortality.

A case of novel swine influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia complicated with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.

Influenza related to complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis have sporadically been reported. However, influenza A (H1N1)-virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) has rarely been reported. A 39-year old woman complained of high fever and was referred to us.

[Relationship between the prognosis of interstitial pneumonia and its comorbidities].

Background: To investigate the relationship between the prognosis of chronic interstitial pneumonia (IP) and its comorbidities, we conducted a retrospective study for clinically and radiologically diagnosed IP. We assessed comorbidities by using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).

Methods: We classified 224 patients given clinical diagnoses of chronic IP (excluding the patients who had clear causes such as collagen disease, infection, drugs or radiation) in our institution between April 2000 and June 2010, into 2 groups; those with clinical diagnoses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF:108 cases) and those with other chronic IP but without honeycomb lung (116 cases); and analyzed their backgrounds and comorbidities.

Muscle MRI in myotonic dystrophy type 1 with foot drop.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of muscle MRI findings and gait disturbance in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients. Thirteen patients with DM1 were evaluated by manual muscle strength test and muscle MRI of the lower limb. All DM1 patients presenting with foot drop showed high intensity signals in the tibialis anterior muscles on T1-weighted imaging (p < 0.

Tissue characterization of glioma by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: glioma grading and histological correlation.

Background And Purpose: Our intent was to clarify the usefulness of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PW-MRI) in the grading of glioma.

Methods: Twenty-three consecutive patients with gliomas were investigated by both proton MRS and PW-MRI. For quantitative analysis, the metabolite data of the gliomas were estimated using the LCModel software.

Evaluation of CH3-DTPA-Gd (NMS60) as a new MR contrast agent: early phase II study in brain tumors and dual dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging.

Purpose: A newly developed contrast material, CH3-DTPA-Gd (NMS60), a trimer containing 3 Gd(3+) atoms per molecule, has been shown to offer greater enhancement and longer vascular retention than gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) in animals. We report on our early phase II study on NMS60 in brain tumor patients together with supplementary investigations.

Methods And Materials: The longitudinal relaxation rate (R(1)=1/T(1)) and the transverse relaxation rate (R(2)*=1/T(2)*) of NMS60 and Gd-DTPA were determined at 20 degrees C in water at 1.

Occult fractures of articular eminence and glenoid fossa presenting as temporomandibular disorder: a case report.

We report an unusual case of occult fractures of the articular eminence and glenoid fossa due to a previous traffic accident presenting as a temporomandibular disorder. A 24-year-old Japanese man was referred for trismus and pain in the right temporomandibular joint, and was suspected of having temporomandibular disorder. Although the magnetic resonance image did not show displacement of the articular disk, T2-weighted images revealed disruption of the cortical low-intensity line of the right articular eminence.

Safety and efficacy of a novel hepatobiliary MR contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-DeA: results of phase I and phase II clinical trials.

Purpose: To assess the safety, effective dose, and efficacy of a novel hepatobiliary MR contrast agent Gd-DTPA-DeA for imaging liver tumors, from the clinical phase I and phase II trials in Japan.

Materials And Methods: In a phase I trial, 33 healthy volunteers were intravenously administered a single dose of 0.03-10 micromol/kg of Gd-DTPA-DeA.

Muscle MRI findings of X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.

We report here muscle MRI findings of the lower limb in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). T1-weighted imaging of muscle MRI disclosed that the thigh muscles, including the semimembranosus, biceps femoris longus and the vastus lateralis muscles, showed high intensity signals with atrophy. Contrarily, the sartorius, gracilis and rectus femoris muscles were comparably preserved.

[Clinical results of LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenoma].

Purpose: We retrospectively evaluated our clinical results of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenoma.

Materials And Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 13 patients were treated with SRS for pituitary adenoma. In all cases, the tumors had already been surgically resected.

Transient MR signal changes in the splenium of the corpus callosum in rotavirus encephalopathy: value of diffusion-weighted imaging.

The authors report serial brain MR findings from a 2-year-old girl with rotavirus encephalopathy. The lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum showed restricted proton diffusion, suggesting local cytotoxic edema. Diffusion-weighted images demonstrated the lesion more conspicuously than other techniques, such as fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery and T1- and T2-weighted images.

Measurement of the vascularity and vascular leakage of gliomas by double-echo dynamic magnetic resonance imaging: a preliminary study.

Rationale And Objective: To evaluate the vascularity and vascular leakage of well-enhanced gliomas by double-echo dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: Eight patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and two patients with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) were studied. Double-echo dynamic MR imaging was utilized to separate the T2* shortening effect and the T1 shortening effect.

Differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostate hypertrophy using dual-echo dynamic contrast MR imaging.

Objective: To investigate the usefulness of dynamic contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the differentiation of prostate cancer (PC) from benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH).

Materials And Methods: Eleven PC patients and 13 BPH patients were entered into the analysis. The mean gradient (MG) was calculated from the T2* term-eliminated time-signal intensity curve obtained from dynamic contrast MR data, and the MG of PC and that of BPH were compared.