Highly sensitive determination of cadmium and lead in leached solutions from ceramic ware by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry coupled with sequential injection-based solid phase extraction method.

A fully automated pretreatment system based on sequential injection solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled to a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (Auto-Pret-GFAAS system) was developed to determine trace amounts of cadmium and lead. A handmade minicolumn packed with a chelating resin was used for the preconcentration of both metals. All protocol for the on-line SPE method was controlled by home-made software.

Simultaneous injection-effective mixing analysis of palladium.

A novel concept of simultaneous injection-effective mixing analysis (SIEMA) is proposed, and a SIEMA method applied to the spectrophotometric determination of palladium using a water-soluble chromogenic reagent has been demonstrated. The flow configuration of SIEMA is a hybrid format of flow injection analysis (FIA), sequential injection analysis (SIA) and multicommutation in flow-based analysis. Sample and reagent solutions are aspirated into each holding coil through each solenoid valve by a syringe pump, and then the zones are simultaneously dispensed (injected) into a mixing coil by reversed flow toward a detector through a confluence point.