The Short- and Long-Term Surgical Results of Consecutive Hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy for Wide-Spread Biliary Malignancy.

Background: Cancer-free resection (R0) is one of the most important factors for the long-term survival of biliary carcinoma. For some patients with widespread invasive cancer located between the hilar and intrapancreatic bile duct, hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy (HPD) is considered a radical surgery for R0 resection. However, HPD is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.