Evaluation of urinary vanin-1 for the early prediction of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.

Purpose: Cisplatin (CDDP) induces acute kidney injury (AKI) as a side effect during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Urinary vanin-1 excretion may increase during CDDP treatment. We investigated whether urinary vanin-1 is an early biomarker for CDDP-induced AKI.

Evaluation of molecular interaction between intercellular lipid organization in human stratum corneum and terpenes using time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

The stratum corneum (SC) presents certain limitations for topical administration of medication, which can be overcome using penetration enhancers (PEs) such as terpene (TP). The SC is also crucial for maintaining the skin barrier and consists of two lamellar structures: the short periodicity phase (SPP) and long periodicity phase (LPP). In this study, we monitored changes in the X-ray diffraction peaks of the human SC, 30 min after TP application (neroridol, 1,8-cineol, and d-limonene).

Kinetic analysis of mass transfer of Eu(III) in extractant-impregnated polymer-layered silica particle in multiple-ion distribution system.

The Eu(III) distribution mechanism in single extractant-impregnated polymer-layered silica particle in a complex solution containing multiple lanthanide ions was investigated using fluorescence microspectroscopy, which was compared with the single-ion distribution system. The rate-determining step of the Eu(III) distribution was the reaction of Eu(III) with the two extractant molecules in the particle. The distribution mechanism and rate constants obtained in the multiple lanthanide ions-distribution system agreed with those of the single-ion distribution system.

Effect of Equipment Parameters on Amount and Dispersion of Wetting Liquid in Planetary Centrifugal Granulation.

In planetary centrifugal wet granulation, the binder is often mixed into the formulation as a powder, followed by the addition of a wetting liquid, in a single step. Therefore, the amount and dispersion of the wetting liquid are important factors that determining granulation success and granules characteristics. In this study, granulation experiments, according to the Box-Behnken design, were performed.

Comparative analysis of intercellular lipid organization and composition between psoriatic and healthy stratum corneum.

The lipid composition and organization of the stratum corneum (SC) in patients with psoriasis and healthy subjects were compared using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraperformance liquid chromatography, combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOFMS). In healthy SC (HSC), SC lipids formed two lamellar phases (long and short periodicity phases). Hexagonal and orthorhombic hydrocarbon-chain packing were observed in the lateral lipid organization at 30 °C via X-ray diffraction.

Extemporaneous preparation of rifampicin granules from capsules to improve usability.

Objectives: Manipulation of tablets or capsules is frequently carried out in pharmacies to regulate doses for personalised therapy. We proposed the use of reconstructed granules as a suitable, flexible dosage form and developed an on-site granulation method using a compounding mixer. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of small-scale preparation of granules in a pharmacy setting.

Development of novel polyglycerol fatty acid ester-based nanoparticles for the dermal delivery of tocopherol acetate.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate novel polyglycerol fatty acid ester (PGFE)-based nanoparticles (NPs) for the dermal delivery of tocopherol acetate (TA). TA-loaded PGFE-based NPs (PGFE-NPs) were prepared by mixing PGFE, soya phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, and TA with film using the film rehydration and extrusion method. The prepared formulations were analyzed by dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray diffraction and polarization microscopy.

Evaluation of Dantrolene Granules Extemporaneously Reformulated from Capsules in a Pharmacy.

Dantrolene capsule, an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of spasticity, is administered to children who cannot swallow the capsule after reformulation into a powder. The powdered drug can alter the specified dosage and it is also difficult to dispense the powdered formulation because of its bulky and sticky nature. To resolve these problems, we reformulated dantrolene capsules into granules using a centrifugal planetary mixer in the pharmacy.

Association of dry skin with intercellular lipid composition of stratum corneum after erlotinib administration.

Purpose: Erlotinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, causes skin disorders such as dry skin, which impairs the skin barrier function. Stratum corneum (SC) lipids play an important role in skin barrier function; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between erlotinib-related dry skin and changes in the intercellular lipid composition and structure of the SC.

Methods: Overall, 21 patients with non-small lung cancer were enrolled in this study.

Small-Scale Spherical Granulation Using a Planetary Centrifugal Mixer.

A concise spherical granulation method is required to prepare extemporaneously granules remanufactured from oral dosage forms for administration to individuals who cannot swallow tablets or capsules. In this study, we determined the feasibility of spherical granulation using a planetary centrifugal mixer. A model formulation, 20% ibuprofen (IBP) granules, was prepared using a lactose/cornstarch (7 : 3, w/w) mixture or D-mannitol as diluents, and changes in granule characteristics (mean diameter (d50), distribution range of granule size (span), and yield) were evaluated according to the amount of water added and the granulation time.

Development of a Novel Simple Gel Formulation Containing an Ion-Pair Complex of Diclofenac and Phenylephrine.

Background And Aim: Since the pharmacological effects of diclofenac (DF) are short-lived because of its short half-life, prolongation of the pharmacological effect in a topical formulation is needed for more appropriate clinical use. For the enhancement of dermal accumulation and prolongation of the pharmacological effect of drugs, the aim of this study was to develop a simple gel formulation containing an ion-pair complex of DF and phenylephrine (PHE), which induce constriction of the vascular smooth muscles.

Materials And Methods: The ion-pair complex was prepared by mixing sodium DF and an ethanolic solution of PHE.

[Development of a Breathable Protective Ointment for Moisture-associated Skin Damage].

In this symposium, we present a novel breathable protective ointment (BPO) formulation developed at the University of Shizuoka for the prevention of moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) intended for use in healthcare settings. MASD occurs when moisture is in constant contact with the skin for prolonged periods of time, causing degradation of the skin barrier. Exposure to physical or chemical stimuli in addition to moisture may lead to different types of moisture-associated dermatitis such as incontinence-associated or periwound dermatitis.

Study on the drug permeation mechanism from flurbiprofen-loaded glyceryl monooleyl ether-based lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles across the skin: Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and confocal laser scanning microscopy study.

The mechanism underlying the skin permeation of flurbiprofen (FLU)-loaded, glyceryl monooleyl ether-based liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) with a hexagonal structure was examined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fluorescent-labeled, FLU-loaded LCNs were prepared using coumarin 6 and rhodamine B 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, triethylammonium salt (Rh-PE), which produce green and red fluorescence, respectively. Application of FLU-loaded LCNs to the hairless mouse stratum corneum (SC) induced expansion of the lattice spacing of the hexagonal structure with FLU release, as confirmed by the changes in the small-angle X-ray diffraction profiles.

Development of phospholipid nanoparticles encapsulating 3-O-cetyl ascorbic acid and tocopherol acetate (TA-Cassome) for improving their skin accumulation.

Phospholipid nanoparticles (PNs) encapsulating vitamin C and E derivatives, 3-O-cetyl ascorbic acid (CA) and tocopherol acetate (TA), respectively, were examined using the film rehydration and extrusion method. PN formulations (TA-Cassome) were prepared by mixing CA, soya phosphatidylcholine (Soya PC), sodium cholate, and TA at a molar ratio of 20/80/5/6. Glycerol (GL) or diglycerol (DG) were also added to improve the skin accumulation of CA and TA.

Different photoisomerization routes found in the structural isomers of hydroxy methylcinnamate.

An experimental and theoretical study has been carried out to elucidate the nonradiative decay (NRD) and trans(E) → cis(Z) isomerization from the S1 (1ππ*) state of structural isomers of hydroxy methylcinnamate (HMC); ortho-, meta- and para-HMC (o-, m- and p-HMC). A low temperature matrix-isolation Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study revealed that all the HMCs are cis-isomerized upon UV irradiation. A variety of laser spectroscopic methods have been utilized for jet-cooled gas phase molecules to investigate the vibronic structure and lifetimes of the S1 state, and to detect the transient state appearing in the NRD process.

[Characterization and Evaluation of Skin Permeation of Tocopheryl Phosphoric Acid-loaded Phospholipid Nanoparticles].

Tocopheryl phosphoric acid (TPA, a hydrophilic vitamin E derivative) loaded liposome and glycerin containing phospholipid nanoparticles (GPLNP) were prepared using the film rehydration and extrusion method. Nanoparticle formulations were evaluated for size, zeta potential, and in vitro permeation across hairless mouse skin, and P NMR spectral analysis was performed. The prepared formulations were stable for 2 weeks, and their mean nanoparticle size varied between 90 and 140 nm.

Immunogenicity of protein aggregates of a monoclonal antibody generated by forced shaking stress with siliconized and nonsiliconized syringes in BALB/c mice.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the immunogenicity of protein aggregates of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), generated by forced shaking stress with siliconized and nonsiliconized syringes in a mouse model.

Methods: Samples were filled in siliconized and nonsiliconized syringes with shaking and headspace air. Characterization studies were performed using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, micro-flow imaging and resonant mass measurement.

Modulation mechanism of the stratum corneum structure during permeation of surfactant-based rigid and elastic vesicles.

We evaluated the interaction between human stratum corneum (SC) and surfactant-based rigid or elastic vesicles during permeation using synchrotron X-ray diffraction to obtain the mechanism action of surfactant-based vesicles for enhanced skin permeation. The effects of vesicle elasticity on the interaction with SC were also investigated. Changes in the small-angle X-ray diffraction peaks of the human SC after buffer control and vesicle application were monitored.

Influence of molecular weight and structure on diffusion rates and mechanisms of dextran polyelectrolyte complexes.

The release profiles of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) at various molecular weights (20-500kDa) and the swelling behaviors of polyelectrolyte complex-forming tablets were investigated. Four types of tablets were prepared using different combinations of the following chemicals: carboxymethyl dextran (CMD), dextran sulfate (DS), 2-diethylaminoethyl dextran (EA), and 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium dextran (CDC). Release tests were conducted via the rotating basket method at pH 6.

Application of Response Surface Methodology to Estimate the Design Space of Pharmaceutical Diluents for Dispensing Powdered Formulations.

Scientific approaches for dispensation are important for the quality and efficacy of drug treatments. Therefore, for the dispensation of powdered medicines, we have developed a powder blending method using a planetary centrifugal mixer (PCM) to replace the empirical manual method involving a mortar and pestle. The aim of this study was to optimize the formulation of pharmaceutical diluents for dispensing powdered medicines, using PCM.

Multistep Intersystem Crossing Pathways in Cinnamate-Based UV-B Sunscreens.

The nonradiative decay pathways of jet-cooled para-methoxy methylcinnamate (p-MMC) and para-methoxy ethylcinnamate (p-MEC) have been investigated by picosecond pump-probe and nanosecond UV-Deep UV pump-probe spectroscopy. The possible relaxation pathways were calculated by the (time-dependent) density functional theory. We found that p-MMC and p-MEC at low excess energy undergo multistep intersystem crossing (ISC) from the bright S (ππ*) state to the lowest triplet T (ππ*) state via two competing pathways through the T state in the time scale of 100 ps: (a) stepwise ISC followed after the internal conversion (IC) from S to the dark nπ* state; (b) direct ISC from the S to T states.

Dry Powder Coating using Planetary Centrifugal Mixer.

Purpose: Extemporaneous compounding is an important part of pharmacy practice, and should be standardized and sophisticated to ensure the quality of the compounded preparations. Recently, we applied a planetary centrifugal mixer (PCM) to powder blending, which has attracted interest for its small scale and lack of contamination. In this study, we aimed to reveal the feasibility of dry powder coating through ordered mixing of fine particles using PCM.

Reconstitution of L-Asparaginase in Siliconized Syringes with Shaking and Headspace Air Induces Protein Aggregation.

The aim of this study was to characterize protein aggregation during reconstitution of a highly concentrated solution of lyophilized L-asparaginase (L-ASP). The effect of the preparation method on L-ASP aggregation using siliconized or non-siliconized syringes and the effect of storage after preparation were evaluated by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, flow cytometry, and flow particle image analysis. To investigate the effect of syringe type in combination with shaking and headspace air on L-ASP aggregation, four kinds of L-ASP in 5% glucose solutions were prepared (in the presence or absence of silicon oil and headspace air).

Direct Spectroscopic Evidence of Photoisomerization in para-Methoxy Methylcinnamate Revealed by Low-Temperature Matrix-Isolation FTIR Spectroscopy.

The photoisomerization of para-methoxy methylcinnamate (p-MMC) has been studied by low-temperature matrix-isolation FTIR spectroscopy. In particular, the difference spectrum of the mid-IR frequency region (1100-1800 cm(-1)) allows us to distinguish the structural change before and after ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation at ≥300 nm and to convince that the cis-isomer is produced from the trans-isomer by comparing with the calculated IR spectra. Additionally, a reversible isomerization of p-MMC is demonstrated upon a sequential irradiation with different wavelengths of UV light.

Glyceryl monooleyl ether-based liquid crystalline nanoparticles as a transdermal delivery system of flurbiprofen: characterization and in vitro transport.

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs) were prepared using glyceryl monooleyl ether (GME) by the modified film rehydration method. Hydrogenated lecithin (HL), 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG), and Poloxamer 407 were used as additives. The prepared LCN formulations were evaluated based on particle size, small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS) analysis, (1)H- and (19)F-NMR spectra, and in vitro skin permeation across Yucatan micropig skin.