2-Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid regulates blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system for repair after brain injury.

Effective blood coagulation prevents inflammation and neuronal loss after brain injury. 2-Carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), a biotherapeutic for brain injury, inhibits blood extravasation resulting from blood-brain barrier breakdown. However, the hemostasis mechanism of 2ccPA remains unclear.

The Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Liver Cirrhosis Patients with Refractory Ascites: A Literature Review.

Decompensated liver cirrhosis is often complicated by refractory ascites, and intractable ascites are a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. The treatment of ascites in patients with cirrhosis is based on the use of aldosterone blockers and loop diuretics, and occasionally vasopressin receptor antagonists are also used. Recent reports suggest that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may be a new treatment for refractory ascites with a different mechanism with respect to conventional agents.

Syndecan-3 regulates the time of transition from cell cycle exit to initial differentiation stage in mouse cerebellar granule cell precursors.

To analyze the role of syndecan-3 (SDC3), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in cerebellum development, we examined the effect of SDC3 on the transition from cell cycle exit to the initial differentiation stage of cerebellar granule cell precursors (CGCPs). First, we examined SDC3 localization in the developing cerebellum. SDC3 was mainly localized to the inner external granule layer where the transition from the cell cycle exit to the initial differentiation of CGCPs occurs.

Astrocytic Neuroimmunological Roles Interacting with Microglial Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Both astrocytic and microglial functions have been extensively investigated in healthy subjects and neurodegenerative diseases. For astrocytes, not only various sub-types were identified but phagocytic activity was also clarified recently and is making dramatic progress. In this review paper, we mostly focus on the functional role of astrocytes in the extracellular matrix and on interactions between reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia in normal states and in neurodegenerative diseases, because the authors feel it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms among activated glial cells in the pathology of neurological diseases in order to pave the way for drug discovery.

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia as a prognostic factor in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a dose-limiting factor for cytotoxic chemotherapy, but recently, it was suggested that CIN contributes to prolonged survival. In this study, we examined the association between severe CIN and survival and determined whether CIN affected survival in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).

Methods: The medical records from 214 patients with ES-SCLC treated with etoposide or irinotecan in combination with cisplatin (EP/IP) between 2012 and 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.

2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid modulates astrocyte-to-microglia communication and influences microglial polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype.

2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA) suppresses microglial and astrocyte inflammation for neuronal survival following traumatic brain injury. However, it remains unknown how 2ccPA regulates microglial activation. In this study, to elucidate the 2ccPA behavior in glial communication, we collected the astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) from primary astrocyte cultures that were treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 2ccPA and analyzed the alteration of microglial inflammation caused by the ACM treatment.

Estradiol-dependent gene expression profile in the amygdala of young ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Estrogen plays a role in cardiovascular functions, emotional health, and energy homeostasis via estrogen receptors expressed in the brain. The comorbid relationship between rising blood pressure, a decline in mood and motivation, and body weight gain after menopause, when estrogen levels drop, suggests that the same brain area(s) contributes to protection from all of these postmenopausal disorders. The amygdala, a major limbic system nuclear complex known to express high estrogen receptor levels, is involved in the regulation of such physiological and psychological responses.

The neuroprotective function of 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid: Implications for tenascin-C via astrocytes in traumatic brain injury.

We examined the mechanism how 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), a lipid mediator, regulates neuronal apoptosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). First, we found 2ccPA suppressed neuronal apoptosis after the injury, and increased the immunoreactivity of tenascin-C (TN-C), an extracellular matrix protein by 2ccPA in the vicinity of the wound region. 2ccPA increased the mRNA expression levels of Tnc in primary cultured astrocytes, and the conditioned medium of 2ccPA-treated astrocytes suppressed the apoptosis of cortical neurons.

Vitronectin regulates the axon specification of mouse cerebellar granule cell precursors via αvβ5 integrin in the differentiation stage.

Vitronectin, an extracellular matrix protein, controls the differentiation of cerebellar granule cell precursors (CGCPs) via αvβ5 integrin, particularly in the initial stage of differentiation to granule cells. In this study, we determined whether vitronectin regulates axon specification in this initial differentiation stage of CGCPs. First, we analyzed whether vitronectin deficiency, β5 integrin knockdown (KD), and β5 integrin overexpression affect axon specification of primary cultured CGCPs.

[Our Treatment Strategy for Patients with Hereditary Breast Cancer Syndrome in Hamamatsu Medical Center].

Among breast cancer cases, 5-10% are thought to have germline mutations in genes associated with onset. Among these, hereditary breast cancer-ovarian cancer syndrome, which develops from breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA) gene mutation, has become widely known. Since 2018, olaparib has been clinically available for patients with inoperable or recurrent breast cancer.

Microscopic polyangiitis associated with thymic tumor: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Thymic hyperplasia and thymic epithelial tumor (thymoma) have been associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Renal involvement has been reported in patients with thymoma. Minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy are frequently observed in glomerular lesions of thymoma patients, but ANCA-associated renal vasculitis is rare.

Vitronectin is Involved in the Morphological Transition of Neurites in Retinoic Acid-Induced Neurogenesis of Neuroblastoma Cell Line Neuro2a.

Vitronectin (Vtn), one of the extracellular matrix proteins, has been reported to result in cell cycle exit, neurite formation, and polarization of neural progenitor cells during neurogenesis. The underlying mechanism, however, has not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of Vtn and its integrin receptors, during the transition of neurites from multipolar to bipolar morphology, accompanying the cell cycle exit in neural progenitor cells.

Vitronectin deficiency attenuates hepatic fibrosis in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced mouse model.

Vitronectin (VN), an extracellular matrix protein, is a promising immune biomarker of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, its precise function remains unclear. This study investigated how VN deficiency contributes to the development of NASH. Towards this aim, wild-type (WT) and VN-/- mice were fed with a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for 6 and 10 weeks to induce NASH, and the livers were isolated.

Promotion of differentiation in developing mouse cerebellar granule cells by a cell adhesion molecule BT-IgSF.

Brain- and testis-specific immunoglobulin superfamily (BT-IgSF) (also known as IgSF11), one of the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins, is a cell adhesion molecule, expressed in the developing cerebellum. We hypothesized that BT-IgSF might have some function in the development of cerebellum, although the physiological roles of BT-IgSF in the cerebellum remain unclear. To investigate the role of BT-IgSF in the development of mouse cerebellum, we first determined the presence of BT-IgSF in the newborn mouse cerebellum; its expression level was found to be much higher than that in the adults.

2-carba cyclic phosphatidic acid suppresses inflammation via regulation of microglial polarisation in the stab-wounded mouse cerebral cortex.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by physical damage to the brain and it induces blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and inflammation. To diminish the sequelae of TBI, it is important to decrease haemorrhage and alleviate inflammation. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA) on the repair mechanisms after a stab wound injury as a murine TBI model.

αvβ5 integrin mediates the effect of vitronectin on the initial stage of differentiation in mouse cerebellar granule cell precursors.

Vitronectin (VN), one of the extracellular matrix proteins, controls the maturation of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) through the promotion of the initial differentiation stage progress. However, the receptors of VN in the initial differentiation stage of CGC precursors (CGCPs) have not been clarified. In this study, we characterized the receptor candidates for VN in CGCPs.

Trpv4 involvement in the sex differences in blood pressure regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Arterial pressure (AP) is lower in premenopausal women than in men of a similar age. Premenopausal women exhibit a lower sympathetic activity and a greater baroreceptor reflex; however, mechanisms controlling sex differences in blood pressure regulation are not well understood. We hypothesized that different neuronal functions in the cardiovascular centers of the brains of men and women may contribute to the sex difference in cardiovascular homeostasis.

Wound healing-related properties detected in an experimental model with a collagen gel contraction assay are affected in the absence of tenascin-X.

Patients with tenascin-X (TNX)-deficient type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) do not exhibit delayed wound healing, unlike classic type EDS patients, who exhibit mutations in collagen genes. Similarly, in TNX-knockout (KO) mice, wound closure of the skin is normal even though these mice exhibit a reduced breaking strength. Therefore, we speculated that the wound healing process may be affected in the absence of TNX.

Regulation of myelopoiesis by proinflammatory cytokines in infectious diseases.

Hematopoiesis is hierarchically orchestrated by a very small population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone-marrow niche and are tightly regulated to maintain homeostatic blood production. HSCs are predominantly quiescent, but they enter the cell cycle in response to inflammatory signals evoked by severe systemic infection or injury. Thus, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can be activated by pathogen recognition receptors and proinflammatory cytokines to induce emergency myelopoiesis during infection.

A Case of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits That Showed Predominantly Membranous Features.

In 2004, the novel category of monoclonal IgG deposition disease has been proposed and termed "proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits" (PGNMID). This disease is characterized by membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and staining for a single light-chain isotype and gamma heavy-chain subclass. A 76-year-old male who had monoclonal gammopathy was referred to our hospital because of proteinuria.

Vitronectin Regulates the Fibrinolytic System during the Repair of Cerebral Cortex in Stab-Wounded Mice.

Vitronectin (VN), one of the serum proteins, is known to be involved in the regulation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and cell migration. It has been proposed that the regulation of fibrinolysis by VN promotes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) recovery from brain injuries such as traumatic injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effects of VN on fibrinolysis in the injured brain remain unclear, however.

Urinary mulberry cells and mulberry bodies are useful tool to detect late-onset Fabry disease.

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by a lack of α-galactosidase A activity, which leads to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in various organs. A complete lack of α-galactosidase A activity in a hemizygous male is the classical phenotype, and some hemizygous males show primarily cardiac and/or renal symptoms that appear in adulthood; this is called the variant type or the late-onset type. The kidney and heart are the major target organs, with damage to these organs related to mortality.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition induces vasodilator effect of sevoflurane via reduction of Rho kinase activity.

Aims: This study was aimed to examine whether a volatile anesthetic sevoflurane in clinical doses reduces vasoconstriction under the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the rat and human arteries and whether the intravenous administration of the PI3K inhibitor decreases blood pressure in rats under the sevoflurane inhalation.

Materials And Methods: Rat arteries (n=5-6) and human omental arteries (n=5-6) were subjected to isometric force recordings and western immunoblotting for Rho kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and protein kinase C. Some arteries were incubated with sevoflurane (1.