Safety and clinical outcomes of urgent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass-a single-institution retrospective analysis.

Background: Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) with/without endovascular treatment is sometimes not ideally effective for the treatment of acute hemodynamic stroke due to atherosclerotic major artery steno-occlusive disease, and some patients show fluctuation in or progression of symptoms despite intensive medical therapy. Urgent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass has been reported to be effective in patients with progressing stroke.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of urgent STA-MCA bypass performed at a single institution for progressing stroke due to hemodynamic compromise caused by atherosclerosis.

[A 64-year-old male with recurrence of herpes simplex encephalitis after suffering from severe pneumonia and sepsis].

The case is a 64-year-old male who had a past history of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) two years prior to his admission. He was admitted to our hospital due to severe pneumonia and sepsis. Several days later, he developed HSE again.

Safety of urgent STA-MCA anastomosis after intravenous rt-PA treatment: a report of five cases and literature review.

Background: Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) with/without endovascular treatment is not as effective in atherosclerotic steno-occlusive acute ischemic stroke. Urgent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis is effective to some extent in progressing stroke, but the safety of STA-MCA anastomosis soon after rt-PA therapy is unknown. Our aim was to clarify the safety of STA-MCA anastomosis within 24 h after intravenous rt-PA.

Steroids and Immunosuppressant Agents Do Not Affect Indirect Revascularization in Quasi-Moyamoya Disease Associated with Pure Red Cell Aplasia: A Case Report.

A 31-year-old woman with pure red cell aplasia presented with motor aphasia and right homonymous hemianopia due to a left temporal and parietal lobe infarction. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed an occlusion of the left anterior and middle cerebral artery, with the development of moyamoya vessels. She was diagnosed with quasi-moyamoya disease and subsequently underwent direct and indirect anastomosis surgery, while continuing steroid and immunosuppressant therapy for pure red cell aplasia.

Emerging sylvian subpial hematoma after the repair of the ruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysm with interhemispheric approach: case report.

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to a sudden loss of consciousness. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a thick subarachnoid hemorrhage in almost all of the parachiasmatic cisterns, including the sylvian cisterns, with mild hydrocephalus. Three dimensional (3D)-CT angiography showed an irregularly shaped aneurysm at the bifurcation of the left A2 and the frontopolar artery.

Ipsilateral sensorimotor deficits in lateral medullary infarction: a case report.

The patient, a 32-year-old man, presented with sudden onset of occipital headache, vertigo, dysarthria, gait ataxia, right Horner syndrome, numbness of the right hand, and mild right hemiparesis. On magnetic resonance imaging, an acute small infarction was located on the right side of the caudal medulla extending dorsomedially. Magnetic resonance angiography showed severe right vertebral artery stenosis.

Impact of immediate aortic repair on early and midterm neurologic status in patients with acute type a aortic dissection complicated by cerebral malperfusion.

Surgical treatment for acute type A aortic dissection (AAD) complicated by cerebral malperfusion (CM) remains debatable. Worsening of neurologic symptoms and poor quality of life after immediate surgery continue to be cause for concern. We performed immediate aortic repair followed by early rehabilitation in 10 patients with AAD complicated by CM.

Surgical treatment of a dural arteriovenous fistula in the superior petrosal sinus of an elderly patient with minimal suboccipital craniotomy: case report.

An 85-year-old woman presented with a dural arteriovenous fistula of the superior petrosal sinus manifesting as venous infarction of the cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed right cerebellar swelling, venous engorgement, and an arteriovenous fistula in the superior petrosal sinus. Our initial attempt to obliterate the lesion through a transvenous endovascular approach failed, so we successfully treated the fistula via surgical interruption of the superior petrosal vein through a small suboccipital craniotomy.

Reduction in the motor unit number estimate (MUNE) after cerebral infarction.

Background: The mechanism of the decrease in motor unit number estimates (MUNEs) after cerebral infarction has not been studied systematically. We examined the relationship between the degree to which MUNEs decreased and the other clinical features of patients with the infarction.

Methods: Using a multiple point stimulation technique, we obtained the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group in 13 age-matched control subjects and 30 patients with cerebral infarction.

Cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome due to brainstem hemorrhage.

Cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome is characterized by specific sensory disturbance around the corner of the mouth, in the hand and in the foot on the same side. Lesions responsible for causing this syndrome vary. We report two cases of cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome due to midbrain and pontine hemorrhage, respectively.

Cheiro-pedal syndrome following pontine infarction.

We report the case of a 64-year-old man with sudden onset of numbness in the right hand and foot. Neurological examinations were normal except for hypersthesia, and hyperalgesia of the right hand and foot. Brain MRI demonstrated a high signal intensity on T2-weighted image and a low signal intensity on T1-weighted image in the left tegmetum of the pons.

Ulcerative colitis presenting as sensorineural deafness, brainstem encephalopathy, and white matter lesions.

Background: Several rare neurologic complications of ulcerative colitis have been reported.

Review Summary: We report a 69-year-old Japanese woman who developed bilateral sensorineural deafness, 2 attacks of bilateral ophthalmoplegia, and bilateral facial nerve palsy in association with ulcerative colitis. Laboratory data showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein without pleocytosis, abnormal auditory brainstem evoked potentials, and multiple high signal lesions on magnetic resonance imaging of the brainstem and cerebral deep white matter.

T-588 protects motor neuron death following axotomy.

R(-)-1-(benzo [b] thiophen-5-yl)-2-[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy] ethanol hydrochloride) (T-588) enhances acetylcholine release. This compound slows the motor deterioration of wobbler mouse motor neuron disease and enhances neurite outgrowth and choline acetyltransferase activity in cultured rat spinal motor neurons. We examined the ability of T-588 on axotomized spinal motor neuron death in the rat spinal cord.

T-588 protects motor neuron death against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.

To examine the possible neuroprotective effect of T-588 against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, we analyzed the pharmacological utility of T-588 in a postnatal organotypic culture model of motor neuron degeneration. Treatment with 10(-5) M of glutamate resulted a motor neuron loss and decreased activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Cotreatment of 10(-5) M of glutamate and T-588 revealed a protective effect against motor neuron death and decreased ChAT activity.

Temocapril prevents motor neuron damage and upregulation of cyclooxygenase-II in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.

To examine the possible neuroprotective effect of temocapril, one kind of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, we analyzed the pharmacologic utility of temocapril in a post-natal organotypic culture model of motor neuron degeneration. Treatment with 10(-5) M of glutamate resulted in a motor neuron loss and decreased activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Cotreatment of 10(-5) M of glutamate and temocapril revealed protective effect on motor neuron death and decreased activity of ChAT.

Influence of temocapril on cultured ventral spinal cord neurons.

Temocapril, a angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, was tested for neurotrophic activity in primary explant cultures of ventral spinal cord of fetal rats (VSCC). Temocapril had a remarkable effect on neurite outgrowth with a 4.2- to 5.

Protective effect of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin on motor neuron death after neonatal axotomy.

Several members of hematopoietic factors are known to have neuroprotective effects against axotomized motor neuron death. We carried out a study to determine whether interleukin-3 (IL-3) and erythropoietin (EPO) rescue spinal motor neuron death following axotomy. Unilateral sciatic nerve was transected in neonatal rats.

Acetazolamide-induced muscle weakness in hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

A 46-year-old man with hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) had worsened muscle weakness after acetazolamide (ACZ) treatment. During the paralytic episode, serum potassium levels were reduced, and serum chloride and insulin levels were increased. The data suggested proximal renal tubular acidosis due to ACZ.

Neuroprotective actions of FK506 and cyclosporin A on motor neuron survival following neonatal axotomy.

We show that nonimmunosuppressive analogues of the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and cyclosporin A (CsA) rescue axotomized neonatal motor neuron death. Unilateral sciatic nerve was transected in neonatal rats. Animals were then treated daily with different doses of FK506 and CsA for 14 days with intraperitoneal injection.

Trophic effect of olmesartan, a novel AT1R antagonist, on spinal motor neurons in vitro and in vivo.

Olmesartan is a novel compound which has been shown to exhibit various neuropharmacological effects. For the purpose of clarifying the effect of Olmesartan on spinal motor neurons, we studied the following tests. We studied the effect in vitro of Olmesartan on neurite outgrowth and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in primary explant cultures of ventral spinal cord (VSCC) of fetal rats.