The Chromosomal Gene Manipulation Method for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Using a Conjugative Shuttle Vector pGMβ1.

Lactobacillus bulgaricus is an industrial strain that has been used in the dairy products since ancient times. Because of the difficulty of chromosomal gene manipulation, there have been few reports of gene deletion, insertion, or replacement. We have developed a system that enables chromosomal gene manipulation of L.

Novel shuttle vector pGMβ1 for conjugative chromosomal manipulation of subsp. .

subsp. () is widely used as a starter for yogurt and cheese worldwide. Despite the economic importance of this bacterium in the dairy industry, there have been few genetic studies involving knockout or overexpression mutants to identify the functions of genes.

Exopolysaccharides From ST538 Modulate the Antiviral Innate Immune Response in Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocytes.

It was reported that exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from lactobacilli are able to differentially modulate mucosal antiviral immunity. Although research has described the ability of EPSs derived from to modulate the mucosal immune system, their impact on antiviral immunity was less explored. In this work, we investigated the capacity of the EPS-producing ST538 to modulate the innate antiviral immune response triggered by the activation of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in porcine intestinal epitheliocytes (PIE cells).

NADH peroxidase plays a crucial role in consuming HO in IGM394.

The facultative anaerobic bacterium IGM394 is used as a host for drug delivery systems, and it exhibits the same growth rate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. strains carry several genes that facilitate oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance in their genomes, but their complete functions have not been uncovered. To clarify the oxygen and ROS tolerance mechanisms of IGM394, we constructed 23 deficient mutants targeting genes that confer oxidative stress resistance.

Lipoteichoic Acid Is Involved in the Ability of the Immunobiotic Strain CRL1506 to Modulate the Intestinal Antiviral Innate Immunity Triggered by TLR3 Activation.

Studies have demonstrated that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is involved in the immunomodulatory properties of some immunobiotic lactobacilli. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether LTA contributes to the capacity of CRL1506 in modulating the intestinal innate antiviral immune response. A D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis protein () knockout CRL1506 strain (Δ) was obtained, and its ability to modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3-mediated immune response was evaluated in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells and in Balb/c mice.

Intracellular pH Determination for the Study of Acid Tolerance of Lactic Acid Bacteria.

It is important to assess acid tolerance in lactic acid bacteria, particularly for probiotics, although it involves multiple mechanisms. Measuring the difference between intracellular and extracellular pH (ΔpH) using the fluorescent probe CFDA-SE is particularly effective for such assessments because it gives direct information on the level of tolerance in the extracellular acidic pH range from 7 to 2.5.

The membrane phospholipid cardiolipin plays a pivotal role in bile acid adaptation by Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131.

Bile acids exhibit strong antimicrobial activity as natural detergents, and are involved in lipid digestion and absorption. We investigated the mechanism of bile acid adaptation in Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of cholic acid (CA), a major bile acid in humans, resulted in development of resistance to otherwise-lethal concentrations of CA by this intestinal lactic acid bacterium.

NADH Oxidase of Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 is Required for the Effective Yogurt Fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038.

We previously reported that dissolved oxygen (DO) suppresses yogurt fermentation with an industrial starter culture composed of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131, and also found that reducing the DO in the medium prior to fermentation (deoxygenated fermentation) shortens the fermentation time.

Application of the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire for evaluating temperament in the Japanese infant: creation of an abridged Japanese version.

The Japanese version of the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire (RITQ) was implemented to re-evaluate factor structure of the temperament scale with the objective of simplification. The questionnaire was conducted on 1099 mothers of Japanese infants visiting health centers for their children's health examinations at 6 or 7 months. As a result, a 57-item abridged version was constructed consisting of the seven subscales: 'fear of strangers and strange situations', 'insensitivity to food', 'regularity of rhythm', 'manageability', 'activity level', 'persistence of attention', and 'insensitivity to touch'.

Transient eating disorder in early childhood--a case report.

Although children in infancy present eating problems of multifarious nature, the diagnostic classification of infant eating disorders remains markedly deficient. The authors present a case exhibiting transient eating disorder in early childhood, alongside discussion of some considerations relevant to this age group. The subject was a boy aged 5 years 6 months at first presentation.

ThyA as a selection marker in construction of food-grade host-vector and integration systems for Streptococcus thermophilus.

We constructed food-grade host-vector and integration systems for Streptococcus thermophilus by using a thymidylate synthase gene (thyA) as the selection marker. Two thyA genes, thyA(St) and thyA(Lb), were cloned from S. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.

Antenatal depression and maternal-fetal attachment.

Background: In recent years, attention has been turned to maternal mental health in relation to the mother-child relationship accompanying a widening in focus, i.e. taking into account not only the puerperium, but also the stage of pregnancy.

Study on feelings of school avoidance, depression, and character tendencies among general junior high and high school students.

School refusal is a phenomenon that first drew attention in Japan around 1960 and it remains one of the major issues in child psychiatry today. Moreover, it is now said that there exists a large group of latent school refusers currently attending school but harboring feelings of school avoidance. To address this issue, a questionnaire survey was conducted on students enrolled in a junior high and high school affiliated with the Nagoya University School of Education.