Efficacy of Intravesical Instillation Therapy with Low-Dose Tokyo-172 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin to Prevent Recurrence of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer and Treat Carcinoma in situ: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study.

Introduction: There are various doses, durations, and strains of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical instillation therapy, but optimal treatment has not yet been established. We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of low-dose BCG therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) in a multicenter study.

Methods: From 1991 to 2019, 323 patients who received BCG therapy to prevent recurrence of NMIBC were analyzed as group A.

Noninferior oncological outcomes in adults aged 80 years or older compared with younger patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Aim: Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is the gold standard treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), but the usefulness of this surgery for older patients is rarely discussed. The prognosis following RNU for patients ≥80 years old remains controversial. We retrospectively investigated the prognosis of UTUC in patients ≥80 years old who underwent RNU.

Real-world treatment patterns and oncological outcomes in early relapse and refractory disease after bacillus Calmette-Guérin failure in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: To assess real-world oncological outcomes between the radical cystectomy (RC) group and non-RC group for early relapse and refractory disease.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 953 patients with recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who received bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) at 31 affiliated hospitals from 2000 to 2019. Patients with missing data on the timing of failure were excluded and 871 patients remained eligible, of whom 447, 357, and 67 were classified as early relapse/refractory disease, intermediate/late relapse disease, and intolerant disease, respectively.

Impact of salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy on prognosis in patients with recurrence after radical cystectomy: a multi-institutional retrospective study.

Background: In patients experiencing disease recurrence after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer, data about the impact of clinicopathologic factors, including salvage treatment using cytotoxic chemotherapy, on the survival are scarce. We investigated the prognostic value of clinicopathologic factors and the treatment effect of salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy (SC) in such patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical data for 86 patients who experienced recurrence after RC.

A multi-institutional retrospective study of open versus laparoscopic nephroureterectomy focused on the intravesical recurrence.

Aim: Intravesical recurrence (IVR) after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is relatively frequent, occurring in about 30-50% of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of the prognosis and IVR between open and laparoscopic surgery and to elucidate the risk factor of IVR.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 403 patients with UTUC treated with laparoscopic or open nephroureterectomy at six affiliated hospitals between 1990 and 2015.

Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Previously Treated with Nephroureterectomy Have a High Risk of Recurrence after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Intravesical Instillation Therapy.

Background: There is a high incidence of intravesical recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used to prevent recurrence and progression. There are two types of NMIBC: primary NMIBC and subsequent NMIBC after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Treatment for T1 High-Grade Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer with Divergent Differentiation or Variant Morphologies.

The 2016 World Health Organization classification newly described infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (UC) with divergent differentiation (DD) or variant morphologies (VMs). Data comparing oncological outcomes after bladder-preservation therapy using intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment among T1 bladder pure UC (pUC), UC with DD (UC-DD), and UC with VMs (UC-VM) are limited. We evaluated 1490 patients with T1 high-grade bladder UC who received intravesical BCG during 2000-2019.

Oncologic Outcomes of Salvage Chemotherapy in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Lesions after Radical Nephroureterectomy: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study.

Background: Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is the standard treatment for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, approximately 25% of patients experience recurrence or metastasis after RNU. This study evaluated the clinical outcome and efficacy of salvage chemotherapy (SC) after recurrence or metastasis.

PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with pN0 bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Objectives: Checkpoint inhibitors have led to a paradigm shift in urothelial carcinoma (UC) treatment. However, the relationship between PD-L1 expression status and oncological outcomes in UC patients remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression status in patients with UC of the bladder (UCB) who underwent radical cystectomy (RC).

Prognostic impact of preoperative renal function in patients treated with radical cystectomy: a multi-institutional retrospective study.

Background: Little data on the preoperative prognostic factors in radical cystectomy (RC) patients have made it difficult to choose the appropriate type of urothelial diversion (UD). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of UD, with a subgroup analysis of that of preoperative renal function.

Methods: From 1990 to 2015, 279 patients underwent RC for bladder cancer at six hospitals affiliated with Kitasato University in Japan.

Cefaclor as a first-line treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis: a retrospective single-center study.

Background: Wide-spectrum antibiotics have been favored to treat acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) for a long time, leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. We hypothesize that narrow-spectrum antibiotics might mitigate the issue and aim to investigate the clinical efficacy of cefaclor in patients with AUC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of female outpatients with AUC treated with cefaclor and evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy.

Electronic nose to distinguish bladder cancer by urinary odour feature: A pilot study.

Background: No study has yet investigated the use of electronic nose (eNose) technology to reveal pattern recognition of urological diseases, including bladder cancer.

Objective: We sought to determine the diagnostic performance of the eNose in recognizing urinary odour in patients with bladder cancer.

Methods: The eNose is a commercially available model equipped with two sensors.

Quality of life outcomes after low dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: Current status and future perspectives.

The present review summarizes data from studies reporting on health-related quality of life after brachytherapy and competing modalities. There are various therapeutic modalities for localized prostate cancer, including radical surgery, external beam radiotherapy and active surveillance. Advances in surgical and radiation treatment have entered clinical practice in the form of robot-assisted surgery or intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Impact of histologic variants on the oncological outcomes of patients with upper urinary tract cancers treated with radical surgery: a multi-institutional retrospective study.

Background: No definitive evidence exists regarding the clinical significance of histologic variants (HV) in upper urinary tract cancer. We investigated the impact of HV on prognosis in patients with upper urinary tract cancer following radical surgery.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 451 patients with upper urinary tract cancer who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at six affiliated hospitals from 1990 to 2015.

A Fatal Case of Life-Threatening Interstitial Pneumonitis Induced by Everolimus for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comment about the Increased Risk of Interstitial Lung Disease in Japanese.

We describe an 81-year-old woman with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who did not recover from life-threatening interstitial pneumonitis induced by everolimus therapy. She received everolimus due to disease progression after sunitinib, but 2 months after starting everolimus treatment, she visited the emergency department after developing a sudden fever and dyspnea. Chest CT revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities, thickening of the interlobular septa, and consolidation throughout both lung fields.

Histologic variants associated with biological aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients treated with radical cystectomy.

Background: The prognostic value of histologic variants (HV) after radical cystectomy (RC) remains controversial. We evaluated the clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with pure urothelial carcinoma (UC) and HV following RC.

Methods: From 1990 to 2015, 286 patients with bladder cancer were treated with RC at six Kitasato University-affiliated hospitals.

Investigation of estimated glomerular filtration rate and its perioperative change in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study.

Aim: To investigate the association of perioperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with prognosis in patients with upper urinary tract urothoelial caicinoma (UTUC).

Methods: A total of 433 patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy with excision of the bladder cuff (RNU) at six hospitals affiliated with Kitasato University in Japan. Patients were divided into three groups each in terms of preoperative eGFR: normal eGFR (>60 mL/min/1.

Impact of body mass index on the oncological outcomes of patients with upper and lower urinary tract cancers treated with radical surgery: A multi-institutional retrospective study.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the oncological outcomes of urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 818 patients with upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and bladder cancer (BC) who were treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) or radical cystectomy (RC) between 1990 and 2015 at six different institutions in Japan. Patients with distant metastasis at diagnosis and those who received neoadjuvant therapies were excluded, leaving 727 eligible patients (UTUC: n = 441; BC: n = 286).

Selected High-Risk Patients With Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Radical Nephroureterectomy for Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study.

Background: No definitive evidence exists regarding use of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for high-risk cases after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU), and the benefit of AC remains controversial. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of AC in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and to determine those who qualified for AC.

Patients And Methods: From 1990 to 2015, 449 patients with nonmetastatic UTUC underwent RNU at 6 Kitasato University-affiliated hospitals.

Multidisciplinary treatment including systemic chemotherapy for a malignant phyllodes tumour of the prostate.

A 22-year-old man was referred to our hospital with macroscopic hematuria and consistent anal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enlarged prostate tumour invading the bladder and rectum. A biopsy revealed an unclassified spindle cell sarcoma.