Severity of Placental Abruption in Restrained Pregnant Vehicle Drivers: Correct Seat Belt Use Confirmed by Finite Element Model Analysis.

Despite wearing a seat belt, pregnant drivers often suffer from negative fetal outcomes in the event of motor accidents. In order to maintain the safety of pregnant drivers and their fetuses, we assessed the severity of placental abruption caused by motor vehicle collisions using computer simulations. We employed a validated pregnant finite element model to determine the area of placental abruption.

Factors Affecting the Severity of Placental Abruption in Pregnant Vehicle Drivers: Analysis with a Novel Finite Element Model.

We clarified factors affecting the severity of placental abruption in motor vehicle collisions by quantitively analyzing the area of placental abruption in a numerical simulation of an unrestrained pregnant vehicle driver at collision velocities of 3 and 6 m/s. For the simulation, we constructed a novel finite element model of a small 30-week pregnant woman, which was validated anthropometrically using computed tomography data and biomechanically using previous examinations of post-mortem human subjects. In the simulation, stress in the elements of the utero-placental interface was computed, and those elements exceeding a failure criterion were considered to be abrupted.

Biomechanical Analysis of Serious Neck Injuries Resulting from Judo.

To establish a basis for initial diagnosis and for proposing preventive measures for the serious neck injuries occasionally experienced by judo practitioners, the biomechanical mechanisms of these injuries were analyzed. Two male judo experts repeatedly threw an anthropomorphic test device (POLAR dummy) using three throwing techniques (, , and ). The dummy's kinematic data were captured using a high-speed digital camera, and the load and moment of the neck were measured with load cells.

Ukemi Technique Prevents the Elevation of Head Acceleration of a Person Thrown by the Judo Technique 'Osoto-gari'.

Biomechanical analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of mastering ukemi in preventing severe head injury in judo. One judo expert (tori) threw another judo expert (uke) with a skilled break-fall (ukemi) four times. We obtained kinematic data of uke with a digital video camera.

Biomechanical Analysis of the Head Movements of a Person Thrown by the Judo Technique 'Seoi-nage'.

The present study examined the kinematics and biomechanical parameters of the head of a person thrown forward by the judo technique 'Seoi-nage'. A judo expert threw an anthropomorphic test device (the POLAR dummy) five times. Kinematics data were obtained with a high-speed digital video camera.

Seatbelt paths of the pregnant women sitting in the rear seat of a motor vehicle.

Purpose: Seatbelt use during pregnancy is important to improve maternal and fetal survival after motor vehicle collisions. However, because the rear seatbelt of a motor vehicle tends to make contact with the neck, even if it is adequately used, some pregnant women sitting in the rear seat opt not to fasten the belt. The purpose of this study is to explore seatbelt-neck contact for pregnant women sitting in the rear seat of a motor vehicle.

Biomechanical analysis of acute subdural hematoma resulting from judo.

This study investigated biomechanical mechanisms of acute subdural hematoma caused by judo and sought preventive measures to reduce injury. A Japanese judo expert repeatedly threw an anthropometric test device using two throwing techniques, Osoto-gari and Ouchi-gari. Linear and angular accelerations of the head were measured.

Rotational acceleration during head impact resulting from different judo throwing techniques.

Most severe head injuries in judo are reported as acute subdural hematoma. It is thus necessary to examine the rotational acceleration of the head to clarify the mechanism of head injuries. We determined the rotational acceleration of the head when the subject is thrown by judo techniques.

Simple strategy to prevent severe head trauma in Judo.

To determine whether the use of an under-mat has an effect on impact forces to the head in Judo, a Judo expert threw an anthropomorphic test device using the Osoto-gari and Ouchi-gari techniques onto a tatami (judo mat) with and without an under-mat. Head acceleration was measured and the head injury criterion (HIC) values with or without under-mat were compared. The use of an under-mat significantly decreased (p = 0.

Effects of seat belts worn by pregnant drivers during low-impact collisions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the injury mechanisms of pregnant drivers and associated fetal outcomes.

Study Design: Frontal and rear impact tests using a dummy representing the anthropometry of a pregnant woman were conducted.

Results: In frontal impact tests without a seat belt, abdominal pressure peaked at the point where the dummy contacted the steering wheel.

Experimental analysis of the relationship between simulated low-velocity rear-end collisions and fetal outcomes of pregnant rats.

Our study aimed to define the risk for a human fetus of rear-end vehicle collisions. We therefore performed drop tests using pregnant SLC Wistar rats. Pressure applied to the rat uterus and rectum at various stages of acceleration was measured.

Sudden death while driving a four-wheeled vehicle: an autopsy analysis.

We retrospectively analysed forensic autopsies to resolve various issues associated with sudden natural death while driving. We collected information about the medical history, drug treatment, anthropometry and body mass index (BMI) of 34 individuals who suddenly died of natural causes while driving four-wheeled vehicles. The reasons for driving, details of the vehicle, type of collision, perspective of vehicle behaviour and types of avoidance manoeuvres were also examined.

Analysis of seating position and anthropometric parameters of pregnant Japanese drivers.

Objective: An anthropometric study was performed to understand the quantitative characteristics of the seating posture of Japanese pregnant drivers.

Methods: Twenty pregnant women with a mean gestation of 31.4 +/- 1.

Analysis of cervical injuries in persons with head injuries.

To determine which clinical factors are useful for predicting concomitant injuries of the cervical spine and cervical spinal cord in persons with head injuries, we examined the nature and mechanisms of cervical injuries. For 109 forensic autopsies of persons with head injuries, the cause of injury, mechanism of cervical injury, survival time, and anatomic injury severity (1990 revision of the abbreviated injury scale [AIS] and injury severity score) were determined. Traffic accidents were the most common cause of injuries (41.

A retrospective analysis of oral and maxillofacial injuries in motor vehicle accidents.

Purpose: To clarify the relations of the severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries from traffic accidents (TAs) to seating position and the use of restraint systems.

Patients And Methods: Hospital records were reviewed for all patients who had sustained oral or maxillofacial injuries in TAs and then were admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo University School of Medicine (Tochigi, Japan), from 1994 through 2003.

Results: A total of 201 patients, with a mean injury severity score (ISS) of 7.

Traffic injuries of the pregnant women and fetal or neonatal outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between pregnancy outcome and injury severity of pregnant woman in traffic accidents.

Method: We reviewed insurance reports of traffic accidents and collected data on injuries of pregnant women and outcomes of their pregnancies.

Result: A total of 135 pregnant women, with a mean injury severity score of 1.

An autopsy case of fatal anaphylactic shock following fluorescein angiography: a case report.

We present a rare autopsy case of fatal anaphylactic shock following fluorescein angiography. A 71-year-old Japanese woman undergoing retinal angiography to evaluate diabetic retinopathy died immediately after an injection of sodium fluorescein. Forensic autopsy and post-mortem biochemical analyses revealed an elevated serum level of tryptase which, in the absence of morphologic changes suggesting injury or disease, confirmed the diagnosis of fatal anaphylactic shock.