Renal arteriovenous fistula induced by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treated by retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy.

Renal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare but potentially severe and life-threatening entity. It can occur after various invasive renal interventions, including resection of a localized renal tumor, renal biopsy, percutaneous renal surgery, and even blunt injury of the kidney. The time of clinical presentation of a renal AVF is variable and may occur decades after the injury originally occurred.

Extraperitoneal Rupture of a Bladder Diverticulum and the Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography Cystography.

Nontraumatic rupture of the bladder is less widely recognized than traumatic rupture, with a challenging early diagnosis due to high variability in clinical presentations. We report a case of extraperitoneal rupture of a bladder diverticulum in a patient with diabetes mellitus who presented with paralytic ileus. Despite conservative management, the patient developed sepsis requiring surgical treatment.

Management of Ureterolithiasis in a Patient with Crossed Unfused Renal Ectopia.

Crossed renal ectopia is a rare congenital anomaly in which both kidneys are situated on one side and fused together in 85%-90% of cases. The management of urinary calculi in patients with crossed renal ectopia continues to pose challenges to urologists because the aberrant anatomy may make access and clearance of the calculi more difficult to accomplish. Here, we report a case of inferior crossed renal ectopia, without fusion, and a ureteral stone in which the patient was treated successfully by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Laparoscopic Management of a Complex Adrenal Cyst.

Adrenal cysts are rare, and their clinical management remains controversial. We report a case involving an adrenal cyst with a complicated appearance on radiological studies. Unenhanced computed tomography revealed a unilocular, noncalcified, hypoattenuating mass with a thin wall in the left adrenal gland.

Successful endovascular treatment using a covered stent for artery-ureteral fistula after surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Artery-ureteral fistula (AUF) is a rare condition but there is an increase in the number of reported cases. It is frequently difficult to treat. A 63-year-old male who had undergone a Dacron Y-graft placement for an infrarenal aortic aneurysm 3 years earlier, presented with hematuria.

Inferior vena cava thrombosis associated with a distended ileal neobladder.

Venous stasis is generally accepted to be a predisposing factor for venous thrombosis. However, benign causes of inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction with associated thrombus formation have not been well described. We herein present a case of IVC compression caused by a distended ileal neobladder measuring 2,000 mL in capacity that led to IVC thrombosis.

Conservative management of a delayed neovesicocutaneous fistula.

A neovesicocutaneous fistula is a rare complication after orthotopic bladder reconstruction, particularly in the late postoperative period. We report the case of a 59-year-old man who had undergone ileal neobladder construction 17 months previously. He presented with urinary retention concomitant with urinary tract infection due to a neovesicourethral anastomotic stricture.

Retroperitoneoscopic drainage of bilateral psoas abscesses under intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound guidance.

Despite improved diagnostic modalities for psoas abscesses, the optimum management strategy is not uniform. A 67-year-old man presented with bilateral psoas abscesses secondary to L1-L2 pyogenic discitis. On contrast-enhanced CT, the largest of these abscesses measured 13 × 14 × 33 mm on the right.

Cough-induced internal oblique hematoma.

Violent or sustained cough can be associated with serious musculoskeletal complications. We report a case of a cough-induced internal oblique hematoma in an obese 73-year-old woman who was not receiving antithrombotic therapy. She had no history of trauma and presented with acute worsening pain in the right flank.

Urinary frequency as a presentation of bulky malignant lymphoma in the pelvis.

Malignant lymphomas may originate from any area of the body and cause a variety of symptoms. However, a malignant lymphoma causing urinary symptoms is uncommon. We report a unique case of a 77-year-old woman who presented with a persistent pollakiuria.

Management of a renal calculus larger than 4 cm in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex-associated angiomyolipoma.

Renal calculi in patients with renal angiomyolipomas are difficult to treat because of the hemorrhagic potential of these tumors. We describe the case of a 65-year-old man having tuberous sclerosis complex-associated multifocal renal angiomyolipomas with a large renal calculus. The patient presented with left flank dullness and a previous history of spontaneous angiomyolipoma rupture.

The effectiveness of interferon-alpha subtypes alternation for metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) has been used in systemic treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). IFN-α has at least 14 subtypes, each of which has different biological activity. There have been reports that mRCC resistant to an IFN-α treatment responded to another IFN-α subtype.

Off-clamp laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for a fat-poor angiomyolipoma arising from the renal capsule: a case report.

Renal function can be significantly preserved after nephron-sparing surgery by decreasing the intraoperative ischemic duration or by performing off-clamp surgery. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman diagnosed with a minimal-fat angiomyolipoma arising from the renal capsule, which was successfully treated by retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy without hilar clamping. Computed tomography revealed a 16 × 13 mm homogenous lenticular mass protruding from the lateral aspect of the left kidney.

Cyst infection in unilateral renal cystic disease and the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

In multicystic renal diseases, cyst infection is a complex issue because of the absence of validated diagnostic methods. Unilateral renal cystic disease is a rare multicystic disease, believed to have an acquired maldevelopmental origin. Unilateral renal cystic disease is often confused with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease but has some distinguishing characteristics: unilateral localization, negative family history, and no progression to chronic renal failure.

Atlas of dihydrotestosterone actions on the transcriptome of prostate in vivo.

Background: Using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), we studied the transcriptomic changes in vivo by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment in mice to better understand androgen effects in the prostate.

Methods: Approximately 872,000 SAGE tags were isolated from intact and castrated (GDX) mice with and without DHT injection.

Results: GDX significantly altered 431 transcripts, including 110 transcripts restored by DHT, and 146 potentially new transcripts.

Prostate-specific genes and their regulation by dihydrotestosterone.

Background: Prostate is a well-known androgen-dependent tissue.

Methods: By sequencing 4,294,186 serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tags, we have investigated the transcriptomes of normal mouse prostate, liver, testis, lung, brain, femur, skin, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, vagina, ovary, mammary gland, and uterus in order to identify the most abundant and tissue-specific transcripts in the prostate, as well as to target the androgen responsive transcripts specifically regulated in the prostate. Small interference RNA (siRNA) in LNCaP cells was applied to validate the roles of prostate-specific/enriched ARGs in the growth of human prostate cancer cells.

Seminal vesicle-rectal fistula with preceding right acute epididymitis.

A case of seminal vesicle-rectal fistula is reported. A 74-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital due to repeated right scrotal swelling and high fever with pneumaturia. A diagnosis of the right acute epididymitis was made.

Expression of enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism in human prostate.

There is evidence that estrogens can directly modulate human prostate cell activity. It has also been shown that cultured human prostate cancer LNCaP can synthesize the active estrogen estradiol (E2). To elucidate the metabolism of estrogens in the human prostate, we have studied the expression of enzymes involved in the formation and inactivation of estrogens at the cellular level.

[Bellini duct carcinoma: a case report].

A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the extensive examination and treatment of suspicioun of right renal pelvic tumor. Retrograde pyelography (RP), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a space-occupying lesion, about 2 cm in diameter, spread from the renal parenchyma to the renal pelvis. Right nephroureterectomy was performed because transitional cell carcinoma was suspected from the histopothology of the frozen section.