Defining a learning curve for urology trainees to achieve renal access without complications in endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery.

Objectives: There is a lack of data on the number of surgeries required for endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS). Accordingly, we aimed to identify the learning curve for ECIRS performed by multiple surgeons.

Methods: We included 296 patients who underwent ECIRS at our university hospital between 2016 and 2021.

Elevated eosinophils proportion as predictor of immune-related adverse events after ipilimumab and nivolumab treatment of advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Ipilimumab and nivolumab treatment against advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) causes severe and lethal immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Predicting irAEs might improve clinical outcomes, however no practical biomarkers exist. This study examined whether eosinophils could be effective biomarkers for ≥grade 2 irAEs in RCC.

Hemoglobin and neutrophil levels stratified according to International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk predict the effectiveness of ipilimumab plus nivolumab in patients with advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: To identify biomarkers associated with the effectiveness of ipilimumab plus nivolumab against advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 75 patients treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab at seven hospitals between August 2018 and April 2021. Prognostic biomarkers were assessed prior to initiating treatment with ipilimumab plus nivolumab.

Complete response of renal cell carcinoma with an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus and lung metastases after treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the most important drugs for treating renal cell carcinoma. In combination with performing nephrectomies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been used as neoadjuvant therapy, as they reduce the size of a primary renal mass and cause the disappearance of metastatic lesions. However, there are only a few reports on immune checkpoint inhibitors as neoadjuvant therapy.