Empathy Among Physicians and Nurses in Japan: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Empathy with patients improves clinical outcomes. Although previous studies have shown no significant differences in empathy levels between physicians and nurses, investigations have not considered differences in cultural backgrounds and related factors of healthcare providers at the individual level.

Objective: This study compares empathy between physicians and nurses in Japan and identifies relevant factors that contribute to these differences.

Gender Inequality Improvement in Medical School Admissions in Japan.

To investigate the effects of gender discrimination in Japan's medical school admission process and to assess whether the situation has improved since the disclosure of such discrimination in 2018. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. The proportions of male and female applicants vis-à-vis all successful candidates admitted from 2016 to 2021 were analyzed; four medical schools were found to be systematically guilty of discriminatory admission practices.

Differences in empathy levels among physicians based on specialty: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Purpose Of Study: A physician's ability to empathize is crucial for patient health outcomes, and this differs according to speciality, personal characteristics, and environmental factors. This study aimed to examine the empathy levels among physicians based on their specialities and to identify the influencing factors.

Study Design: A nationwide, online, cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Nikkei Business Publication online physician member homepage.

Empathy competence and future specialty among medical residents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Empathy is essential for physicians to provide patient-centered care. Nevertheless, the degree to which empathy varies among medical residents based on their desired future specialty remains undetermined. This nationwide cross-sectional study compared empathy levels (Jefferson Scale of Empathy, JSE) of 824 year one and two postgraduate residents in Japan by intended medical specialty, individual characteristics, and training and working environment characteristics.

Research Trends and Impact Factor on PubMed Among General Medicine Physicians in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Japan created a specialty system for general medicine in 2018. However, Japanese academic generalists' contribution to research remains unclear. This study examines the popularity of Japanese general medicine research, the characteristics of journal publications, annual trends, and the characteristics/differences among publications in journals with an impact factor (IF).

A Case of Legionella Pneumonia in an Older Patient Without Typical Exposure to a Susceptive Environment.

Legionella pneumonia is a potentially fatal form of pneumonia that causes various clinical symptoms and is often difficult to diagnose. For the diagnosis, it is important to inquire about the patient's history of exposure to sewage or soil, although there are rare cases of Legionella pneumonia with no history of exposure. In this study, we present a case of Legionella pneumonia in a 72-year-old man with no history of wastewater exposure from public baths or other sources.

Survey of potentially inappropriate prescriptions for common cold symptoms in Japan: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Common cold is among the main reasons patients visit a medical facility. However, few studies have investigated whether prescriptions for common cold in Japan comply with domestic and international evidence.

Objective: To determine whether prescriptions for common cold complied with domestic and international evidence.

Development of a one-step analysis method for several amino acids using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device.

A one-step analysis method was developed for four types of amino acids using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device fabricated from chromatography filtration paper and laminate films. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase was used to detect each amino acid. The obtained laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) contained four enzymatic reaction areas.

Consideration of Intestinal Failure in Cases of De-Adaptation of Short Bowel Syndrome: A Case Report and Descriptive Review.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) causes malabsorption due to extensive intestinal resection. While intestinal function declines with age, little is known about the relationship between intestinal failure and ageing. For the first time in Japan, we report a case of de-adaptation of SBS thought to be due to ageing, in a 93-year-old woman who presented with electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition.

A review of food poisoning caused by local food in Japan.

Increasingly popular worldwide, Japanese cuisine includes several raw preparations such as sashimi and sushi; however, limited information on food poisoning from Japanese local food is available in English literature. Without appropriate knowledge, physicians may underdiagnose traveler's diarrhea among people returning from Japan. To provide accurate information to primary care physicians worldwide, we conducted a narrative review on food poisoning research published in Japanese and English over the past four years, considering the frequency and clinical importance of various presentations.

Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Histidine Determination.

A laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) for histidine detection was fabricated from a chromatography filtration paper and laminate films. Histidine recognition was effected by histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS), and its detection was signaled colorimetrically based on the molybdenum blue reaction. The analytical conditions and detectable concentration range of histidine were examined.

Effects of a remote mutation from the contact paratope on the structure of CDR-H3 in the anti-HIV neutralizing antibody PG16.

PG16 is a broadly neutralizing antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A crystal structure of PG16 revealed that the unusually long 28-residue complementarity determining region (CDR) H3 forms a unique subdomain, referred to as a "hammerhead", that directly contacts the antigen. The hammerhead apparently governs the function of PG16 while a previous experimental assay showed that the mutation of Tyr to Ala, which does not directly contact the antigen, decreased the neutralization ability of PG16.

Stabilization of free and immobilized enzymes using hyperthermophilic chaperonin.

Chaperonins suppress the denaturation of proteins and promote protein folding in vivo. Because hyperthermophilic chaperonins are expected to be used as a stabilizer for proteins, the effects of a group II chaperonin from a hyperthermophilic archaeum, Thermococcus strain KS-1 (T. KS-1 cpn), on the stabilization of mesophilic and thermophilic free enzymes and an enzyme co-immobilized with T.

Biological treatment of wastewater discharged from biodiesel fuel production plant with alkali-catalyzed transesterification.

The biological treatment of wastewater discharged from a biodiesel fuel (BDF) production plant conducting alkali catalysis transesterification was investigated. BDF wastewater has a high pH and high hexane-extracted oil and low nitrogen concentrations, and inhibits the growth of microorganisms. The biological treatment of BDF wastewater is difficult because the composition of such wastewater is not suitable for microbial growth.

Effects of C N ratio and pH of raw materials on oil degradation efficiency in a compost fermentation process.

Waste oil treatment was attempted using a compost fermentation process. To develop a simple method for waste oil treatment, cheap and simple materials were used as compost materials. The fermentation experiment was performed using a domestic composter to determine the optimum conditions of the fermentation.