[Investigation of the Administration Accuracy of an Auto Infusion Device in F-FDG PET].

Purpose: The administration accuracy of the automated infusion device for the positron emission radiopharmaceutical affects to calculation of the standardized uptake value (SUV) in F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET examination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the administration error in the clinical use of an automated infusion device for quantitative management in PET examination.

Methods: We assumed clinical use of the automated infusion device and investigated two types of administration errors.

[Creation of Stereo-paired Bone Anatomical Charts Using Human Bone Specimens for Radiation Education].

In radiological examinations of patients, we often take stacked images and three-dimensional (3D) images of human bone radiological images such as X-ray images and CT images. In general, learning of bone structure using specialized anatomy books is currently performed at medical radiological technologist education facilities. In the anatomy education of the medical school, in order to understand the structure of human and the individual bone shapes in detail, a real human bone specimen is used to gain knowledge of skeleton, bone shape, bone name and bone function.

Accuracy of target delineation by positron emission tomography-based auto-segmentation methods after deformable image registration: A phantom study.

Purpose: Diagnostic positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) images can be fused to the planning CT images by a deformable image registration (DIR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the standardized uptake value (SUV) and target delineation on deformed PET images.

Methods: We used a cylindrical phantom and removable inserts of four spheres (16-38 mm in diameter) and three ellipsoids with a volume equal to the 38-mm-diameter sphere (S38) in each.

[Creation of Stereo Color Anatomical Charts Showing Nerve Fibers in the Cerebral Lobe and Gyrus of the Brain for Use in the MR Examination].

In anatomical charts in conventional books, the pathways of nerve fibers are drawn in illustrations. Conversely, with diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we can visually understand the trajectory of nerve fibers through color. We created a stereo color anatomical chart of the nerve fibers that can be used for magnetic resonance (MR) examination to diagnose the pathway of nerve fibers and that can be used to explain the results of MR examination to visually understand how nerve fiber information is transmitted from the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, cerebellar lobe, and cerebral cortex.

[Impact of Pelvic Rotational Setup Error on Lymph Nodal Dose in Whole Pelvic IMRT Using Fiducial Markers].

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pelvic rotational setup error on lymph nodal dose in the whole pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy using the fiducial marker.

Methods: The dose differences of clinical target volume for pelvic lymph node (CTV) due to isocenter (IC) shift and pelvic rotation were evaluated using the radiation treatment planning system. The rotated computed tomography (CT) images were created for the simulation of the pelvic rotation.

Applicability of emission-based attenuation map for rapid CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 measurements using gaseous (15)O-labeled compounds.

Background: Cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) images have facilitated understanding of the pathophysiological basis of cerebrovascular disorders. Such parametric images can be rapidly, measured within around 15 min, using positron emission tomography (PET) with sequentially administered (15)O-labeled oxygen and water. For further shortening, one option is to eliminate the transmission scan by applying an emission-based attenuation correction.

Imaging of the appearance time of cerebral blood using [15O]H2O PET for the computation of correct CBF.

Background: Quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is important for the understanding of normal and pathologic brain physiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) with H215O (or C15O2) can quantify CBF and apply kinetic analyses, including autoradiography (ARG) and the basis function methods (BFM). These approaches, however, are sensitive to input function errors such as the appearance time of cerebral blood (ATB), known as the delay time.

[11C-methionine positron emission tomography in nontumorous brain lesions].

Positron emission tomography (PET) with L-[methyl-11C]methionine (MET) provides information on the metabolism of brain tumor. MET uptake reflects amino acid active transport and protein synthesis and is proportional to the amount of viable tumor cells. However, MET uptake can be increased as a result of increased density of inflammatory cells and disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in nontumorous brain lesions.

Omission of [(15)O]CO scan for PET CMRO(2) examination using (15)O-labelled compounds.

Objective: CBF, OEF and CMRO(2) provide us important clinical indices and are used for assessing ischemic degree in cerebrovascular disorders. These quantitative images can be measured by PET using (15)O-labelled tracers such as C(15)O, C(15)O(2) and (15)O(2). To reduce the time of scan, one possibility is to omit the use of CBV data.

Shortening the duration of [18F]FDG PET brain examination for diagnosis of brain glioma.

Purpose: Some patients cannot remain immobile for a long duration of 60 min, which is generally applied in the case of a 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) scan. We investigated the change of the parametric values when the time duration of PET data was shortened.

Procedures: Eight normal subjects and four subjects with brain glioma were studied.

11C-methionine (MET) and 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) PET in patients with newly diagnosed glioma.

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to clarify the individual and combined role of L-methyl-(11)C-methionine-positron emission tomography (MET-PET) and 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine (FLT)-PET in tumor detection, noninvasive grading, and assessment of the cellular proliferation rate in newly diagnosed histologically verified gliomas of different grades.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one patients with newly diagnosed gliomas were investigated with MET-PET before surgery. Eighteen patients were also examined with FLT-PET.

Dual-time-point FDG-PET for evaluation of lymph node metastasis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objective: The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate whether delayed additional F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging can improve the certainty of this modality in evaluating lymph node metastasis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Eighty-three patients with NSCLC were examined. FDG-PET imaging (whole body) was performed at 1-h (early) post-FDG injection and repeated 2 h (delayed) after injection only in the thoracic area.

Comparison of early and delayed FDG PET for evaluation of biliary stricture.

Objective: We assessed whether delayed FDG PET imaging is more useful for the evaluation of biliary stricture in differential diagnosis of malignancy from benign disease.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients who underwent FDG PET for differential diagnosis of the disease causing biliary stricture were included. FDG PET imaging was performed at 70+/-12 min (early) post FDG injection and repeated 188+/-27 min (delayed) after injection only in the abdominal region.

FDG-PET findings of the brain in lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

A 44-year-old man with a history of sudden onset short-term disorientation was admitted to our hospital. T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images of the head showed increased signal intensity in the bilateral frontal and parietal white matter. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo images showed multiple areas with punctate and linear enhancement scattered in the bilateral frontal and parietal white matter.

Diagnostic value of kinetic analysis using dynamic FDG PET in immunocompetent patients with primary CNS lymphoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accumulation of FDG in immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma using qualitative and quantitative PET images and to compare baseline with follow-up PET after therapy.

Methods: Twelve immunocompetent patients with CNS lymphoma were examined. Dynamic emission data were acquired for 60 min immediately following injection of FDG.

Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography findings in status epilepticus following severe hypoglycemia.

We recently experienced a case with asymmetrical cortical abnormality on MRI with focal status epilepticus following severe hypoglycemia. The cerebral blood flow and metabolisms for oxygen and glucose were determined using positron emission tomography (PET) during focal status epilepticus following severe hypoglycemia and at the follow-up period. Prolonged seizure activity produced profound glucose hypermetabolism and mild hyperemia in the region of the presumed cortical focus of epilepsy and in structures anatomically remote from the focus, corresponding to the areas of abnormal signal intensity on the MRI.

A case of non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the ovary: usefulness of 18F-FDG PET for staging and assessment of the therapeutic response.

Primary ovarian lymphoma as the initial manifestation is rare. A 27-year-old woman presented to our hospital with the symptoms of lower abdominal fullness and pollakisuria. CT scan and MRI revealed bilateral ovarian tumors, which showed heterogeneous masses.

Dual-time-point 18F-FDG PET for the evaluation of gallbladder carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, CT, and MRI are able to detect gallbladder abnormalities but are not always able to differentiate a malignancy from other disease processes such as cholecystitis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual-time-point (18)F-FDG PET for differentiating malignant from benign gallbladder disease.

Methods: The study evaluated 32 patients who were suspected of having gallbladder tumors.

Contribution of whole body FDG-PET to the detection of distant metastasis in pancreatic cancer.

Objective: Accurate baseline staging is necessary to appropriately treat pancreatic cancer. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical contribution of whole body FDG-PET to the detection of distant metastasis in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: A total of consecutive 42 patients with previously untreated pancreatic cancer were examined.

Correlation of FDG-PET findings with histopathology in the assessment of response to induction chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of FDG-PET to predict the response of primary tumour and nodal disease to preoperative induction chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: FDG-PET studies were performed before and after completion of chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery in 26 patients with NSCLC. FDG-PET imaging was performed at 1 h (early) and 2 h (delayed) after injection.

Evaluation of delayed additional FDG PET imaging in patients with pancreatic tumour.

Aim: To evaluate whether delayed fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is more helpful in differentiating between malignant and benign lesions and whether delayed FDG PET imaging can identify more lesions in patients in whom pancreatic cancer is suspected.

Methods: The study evaluated 86 patients who were suspected of having pancreatic tumours. FDG PET imaging (whole body) was performed at 1 h (early) post-injection and repeated 2 h (delayed) after injection only in the abdominal region.