Anesthesia Management via an Automated Control System for Propofol, Remifentanil, and Rocuronium Compared to Management by Anesthesiologists: An Investigator-Initiated Study.

Background: We previously developed an automated total intravenous anesthesia control system that uses new closed-loop system algorithms to administer propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium based on the bispectral index and train-of-four data. We recently improved this automated control system by adding a safety mechanism and using a modified monitoring device.

Methods: Patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to closed-loop feedback control (automatic group) or the manual administration of propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium (manual group).

Theoretical and evidence-based infection control during general anesthesia in the COVID-19 pandemic.

With the outbreak of COVID-19, attention has focused on measures to prevent droplet infection. Operating rooms, where we anesthesiologists mainly work, are equipped with various theories and techniques for performing surgical procedures and general anesthesia on patients with various infectious diseases, whether airborne, droplet, or contact infection, and are an environment where surgical procedures and general anesthesia can be safely performed on patients with compromised immune functions. Here, we describe the anesthesia management standards assuming COVID-19 from the viewpoint of medical safety, as well as the structure for supplying clean air in the operating room and the structure of a negative-pressure operating room.

Anesthetic management of pulmonary artery replacement for idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery with a Kommerell's diverticulum: a case report.

Background: Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery (IDPA) is a rare condition in which the pulmonary artery dilates without an obvious cause. Pulmonary artery replacement is indicated in severe cases to prevent serious complications.

Case Presentation: A 59-year-old man was diagnosed with an IDPA of 64 mm and Kommerell's diverticulum (aortic aneurysm located at the aberrant left subclavian artery).

[Cytoreductive Surgery Performed Twice for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei with Pleural Extension of Mucinous Tumor].

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a condition characterized by production of a large amount of mucopolysaccharides by neoplastic epithelium, with intraabdominal cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) known to be viable treatment options. Pleural extension from an PMP is unusual and thought to be related to diaphragmatic perforation during surgery or transdiaphragmatic spreading of the disease through the lymphatic lacunae. Here, we report a patient with PMP with pleural extension of a mucinous tumor for whom CRS was performed twice.

[A case of large tracheoesophageal fistula after repair of the right discending aortic arch].

A 77-year-old woman with right aortic arch was diagnosed as aortic dissection (De Bakey IIIb) and hospitalized for conservative treatment. But, her respiratory condition deteriorated due to tracheal stenosis with aortic dissection. Surgical graft replacement of the descending aorta was performed to release tracheal stenosis.

[A survey of perioperative asthmatic attack among patients with bronchial asthma underwent general anesthesia].

Background: We investigated the risk factor of perioperative asthmatic attack and effectiveness of preventing treatment for asthmatic attack before operation.

Methods: We performed retrospective chart review of one hundred eleven patients with asthma underwent general anesthesia and surgical intervention from January 2006 to October 2007 in our hospital.

Results: The rate of perioperative asthmatic attack were as follows; 10.

[Trends of HIV patients operated at International Medical Center of Japan].

Background: HIV-infected patients are on the increase in Japan, and anti-HIV therapy improved their prognosis. It is expected that the number of operations in HIV patients will increase.

Methods: We surveyed the prevalence of HIV 30,188 patients operated at International Medical Center of Japan, a major, HIV/AIDS hospital, from 2001 to 2007.

[Current status of HIV/AIDS anesthetic experiences in Japan--questionnaire for anesthesia teaching hospitals].

Background: As the number of HIV-infected patients in Japan increases every year, the opportunity for a HIV-positive patient to undergo an operation is also increasing.

Methods: Authors sent questionnaire to 952 anesthesia teaching hospitals, in order to investigate the experience and management of the HIV-positive anesthetic cases.

Results: The reply was obtained from 480 teaching hospitals.

Effect of bupivacaine enantiomers on Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle.

Local anesthetics affect intracellular Ca2+ movement in the myocyte. The use of isomers may help to reveal specific mechanisms of action, such as receptor mediation. In the present study, we used skinned fibers from mammalian skeletal muscle to test whether bupivacaine enantiomers had different effects on Ca2+ release and uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and on the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile system.

[Anesthetic management of pediatric renal transplantation: a review of 15 cases under the age of 10 years].

Background: In pediatric renal transplantation, an adult kidney is transplanted to a small child and it may cause severe cardiovascular insufficiency.

Methods: The anesthetic management of 15 pediatric recipients younger than 10 years, undergoing living-related renal transplantation were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: Before the operation, 3 of 15 patients were receiving hemodialysis, and the others were receiving peritoneal dialysis.

Osteoporosis following chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve in rats.

Osteopathic changes sometimes occur in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia). We aimed to investigate whether such osteopathic changes occurred in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. A CCI of the sciatic nerve was established in a unilateral hind limb in 39 adult Sprague-Dawley rats, which were killed 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 weeks after the CCI procedure.