Publications by authors named "Yasuhiro Komatsu"
Background: Previous reports highlighted the efficacy of hemofiltration utilizing isotonic sodium bicarbonate solution as replacement fluid for severe metabolic acidosis. This approach corrects metabolic acidosis by eliminating chloride and supplementing bicarbonate. Here, we present the results of an in vitro study aimed at determining the effect of Isotonic sodium bicarbonate-based Continuous HemoDiafiltration (IBB-CHDF).
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- A critical value (or panic value) in lab tests indicates a serious health issue needing immediate attention, but its effectiveness in predicting mortality is questionable.
- Researchers analyzed over 335,000 lab results from nearly 93,000 patients to develop a machine learning model (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) that predicts 7-day mortality, comparing it to traditional critical value lists.
- The machine learning model outperformed the critical value list in predicting mortality rates, suggesting it could enhance timely notifications to healthcare providers and potentially improve patient safety.
The Role of Nurse on the Treatment Decision Support for Older People with Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Healthcare (Basel)
February 2023
: The number of older adults with cancer is increasing worldwide. The role of nurses in supporting patients' decision-making is expanding, as this process is fraught with complexity and uncertainty due to comorbidities, frailty, cognitive decline, etc., in older adults with cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) caused by exposure to radioactive contrast media can cause acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We developed a multifaceted approach in a CIN-quality improvement (QI) program based on a shorter saline hydration protocol for the prevention of CIN in outpatients and assessed the effect of our CIN-QI program on decreasing both the incidence rate of CIN and overall use of contrast agents in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).
Methods: We conducted a multi-center prospective interrupted time-series study from 2006 to 2018 investigating the efficacy of a CIN-QI program in preventing CIN among outpatients with CKD.
Background: Evidence linking chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sleep duration is inconsistent. This study examined whether sleep duration is associated with a long-term risk of kidney function decline.
Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included 82 001 participants who visited a primary care centre in Japan.
Most cases of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are microsatellite stable (MSS), which frequently demonstrate lower response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). RNA editing produces neoantigens by altering amino acid sequences. In this study, RNA editing was induced artificially by chemoradiation therapy (CRT) to generate neoantigens in MSS CRCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA rapid response system is required in a radiotherapy department for patients experiencing a critical event when access to an emergency department is poor due to geographic location and the patient is immobilised with a fixation device. We, therefore, rebuilt the response system and tested it through onsite simulations. A multidisciplinary core group was created and onsite simulations were conducted using a Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcidemia is one of the risk factors for end-stage kidney disease and increases the mortality rate of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although urinary ammonium (U-NH ) is the crucial component of renal acid excretion, U-NH concentration is not routinely measured. To estimate U-NH , urine osmolal gap (UOG = urine osmolality - [2(Na + K ) + urea + glucose]) is calculated and the formula (U-NH = UOG/2) has traditionally been used.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperthermia has been used for cancer therapy for a long period of time, but has shown limited clinical efficacy. Induction-heating hyperthermia using the combination of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and an alternating magnetic field (AMF), termed magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), has previously shown efficacy in an orthotopic mouse model of disseminated gastric cancer. In the present study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), a type of MNP, were conjugated with an anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab and termed anti-HER2-antibody-linked SPION nanoparticles (anti-HER2 SPIONs).
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- Vadadustat is a medication approved in Japan for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are on hemodialysis and not receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs).
- In a phase 3 study, 24 Japanese patients took vadadustat for 24 weeks, starting at a dose of 300 mg/day aimed at maintaining hemoglobin levels between 10.0-12.0 g/dL.
- The results showed an average hemoglobin level of 10.75 g/dL at the end of the study, with mild side effects like shunt stenosis, diarrhea, and vomiting, indicating it was well-tolerated overall.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the effectiveness and safety of vadadustat, an oral treatment for anemia, compared to darbepoetin alfa, an injection, in Japanese adults with nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD).
- Over 52 weeks, both treatments achieved hemoglobin levels within the target range, with vadadustat showing noninferiority to darbepoetin alfa, meaning it was just as effective.
- Adverse events were similar for both groups, with common issues for vadadustat being nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, and constipation, indicating it is a potentially well-tolerated option for treating anemia in NDD-CKD patients.
Article Synopsis
- Vadadustat, an oral medication that promotes red blood cell production, was tested against darbepoetin alfa in a Phase 3 study involving Japanese patients on hemodialysis experiencing anemia.
- After 52 weeks of treatment, vadadustat showed comparable effectiveness in maintaining hemoglobin (Hb) levels within a target range (10.0-12.0 g/dL), meeting the study's primary goal for average Hb levels at specific weeks.
- Both treatments had similar side effects such as nasopharyngitis and diarrhea, with no new safety issues identified, suggesting vadadustat could serve as a viable alternative to traditional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for these patients.
Background: Tooth brushing is important for maintaining oral health and preventing periodontal diseases (PDs), which commonly arise in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between tooth brushing frequency and kidney function decline remains unclear.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study at St Luke's International Hospital, Japan, and participants who underwent health examinations at the Centre for Preventive Medicine from 2005 to 2011 were included.
Article Synopsis
- * The study lasted 24 weeks, with patients taking an initial dose of 300 mg/day of vadadustat and adjustments made to maintain hemoglobin levels between 11.0-13.0 g/dL.
- * Results showed that the average hemoglobin level at weeks 20 and 24 was 11.35 g/dL and the treatment was generally well tolerated, with most adverse events (like infections) not linked to the medication, suggesting its effectiveness for this patient group.
Background: In the context of worldwide public health, it is very important to promote physical activity among the older people. This study explored the roles and attitudes of senior leaders in promoting group-based exercise in their local communities, specifically to determine the level and extent to which to elderly participation was encouraged.
Methods: This study conducted semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews and employed a subsequent thematic analysis.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with cancer mortality. However, no study has considered the well-known cancer prognostic factors, ECOG Performance Status (PS) and cancer treatment, as confounding factors. We assessed the independent relationship between CKD and cancer death in stage IV cancer patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To propose a new strategy to prevent communication errors caused by unread radiology reports.
Materials And Methods: Medical emergencies were prefixed with triple stars on radiology reports, and the attending physician was contacted by telephone. Semi-emergencies (medical issues needing addressing within 2 weeks) were prefixed with double stars.
Background: For continuous renal replacement therapy in small infants, due to the large extracorporeal volume involved, blood priming can be necessary to prevent hypotension and hemodilution. Because packed red blood cells (RBCs) have high levels of potassium and citrate, closed-circuit dialysis is often performed. We assessed the metrics of closed-circuit dialysis and serial citrate concentration changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We investigated the incidence of falls and functional impairments in breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Additionally, we examined whether taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy was associated with the patients' falls and functional impairments.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 88 patients with breast cancer who received taxane-based chemotherapy and were recognized as having peripheral neuropathy symptoms (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade ≥1).
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) use prior to medical intensive care unit (ICU) admission was associated with in-hospital mortality and length of ICU stay.
Methods: A propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted at single center from 2004 to 2016. We included all adult patients who were admitted to the ICU due to internal medicine-related conditions.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health challenge; however, evidence-based, optimal follow-up intervals for patients with CKD have not been identified. This study aimed to identify appropriate follow-up intervals for different stages of CKD.
Methods: We studied 2682 patients with CKD.