Antimicrobial stewardship situation analysis in selected hospitals in Zambia: findings and implications from a national survey.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are critical in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Zambia, there is little information regarding the capacity of hospitals to establish and implement AMS programs. The objective of this study was to conduct a baseline assessment of WHO core elements for an AMS program implementation in eight hospitals in Zambia.

Correction: Narongpun et al. Whole-Genome Investigation of Zoonotic Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Clonal Complex 398 Isolated from Pigs and Humans in Thailand. 2023, , 1745.

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WQ-3810, a fluoroquinolone with difluoropyridine derivative as the R1 group exerts high potency against quinolone-resistant .

Unlabelled: Quinolone-resistant have been increasing worldwide. Quinolones exert their antibacterial activity by inhibiting DNA gyrase, but most of the isolates acquire quinolone resistance via an amino acid substitution in the A subunit of DNA gyrase. WQ-3810 is a quinolone antibiotic that has been reported to have high potency even to DNA gyrase with amino acid substitutions in several bacterial species; however, there was no information on .

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis including a drug-resistant strain associated with mortality of Asian elephants in Nepal 2019-2022.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an emerging threat to the survival of elephants in Nepal. We investigated the lung tissue samples from nine elephants that died from 2019 to 2022 in Nepal using culture, conventional PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and then performed genotyping of five PCR-positive isolates to understand the possible transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Results showed that two-thirds (6/9) of elephants were confirmed to be infected from Mtb by LAMP, 5/9 by PCR, and 4/9 by culture.

Phylogenetic diversity and virulence gene characteristics of Escherichia coli from pork and patients with urinary tract infections in Thailand.

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), especially uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs), while diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) cause foodborne illnesses.

Wide distribution of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrS, among Salmonella spp. isolated from canal water in Thailand.

Aims: This research focused on assessing the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants and antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella strains isolated from Thai canal water.

Methods And Results: From 2016 to 2020, 333 water samples were collected from six canals across Bangkok, Thailand. Salmonella spp.

Interplay between Amino Acid Substitution in GyrA and QnrB19: Elevating Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Typhimurium.

Globally, there have been increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal (NTS), which can develop into severe and potentially life-threatening diarrhea. This study focuses on the synergistic effects of DNA gyrase mutations and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, specifically , on fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in Typhimurium. By utilizing recombinant mutants, GyrA and GyrA, and QnrB19's, we discovered a significant increase in fluoroquinolones resistance when QnrB19 is present.

Carbapenem and colistin-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: An emerging threat transcending the egyptian food chain.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a great public health problem and is associated with many disease outbreaks and high mortality rates. Alarmingly, K. pneumoniae has been isolated from food in several recent studies.

Trends, patterns and relationship of antimicrobial use and resistance in bacterial isolates tested between 2015-2020 in a national referral hospital of Zambia.

Increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria underscores the need to strengthen AMR surveillance and promote data-based prescribing. To evaluate trends and associations between antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR, we explored a dataset of 34,672 bacterial isolates collected between 2015 and 2020 from clinical samples at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. The most frequently isolated species were Escherichia coli (4,986/34,672; 14.

Effect of WQ-3334 on Campylobacter jejuni carrying a DNA gyrase with dominant amino acid substitutions conferring quinolone resistance.

Introduction: Campylobacteriosis stands as one of the most frequent bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide necessitating antibiotic treatment in severe cases and the rise of quinolones-resistant Campylobacter jejuni poses a significant challenge. The predominant mechanism of quinolones-resistance in this bacterium involves point mutations in the gyrA, resulting in amino acid substitution from threonine to isoleucine at 86th position, representing more than 90% of mutant DNA gyrase, and aspartic acid to asparagine at 90th position. WQ-3334, a novel quinolone, has demonstrated strong inhibitory activity against various bacteria.

The first insight into Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in the lower northern region in Thailand.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important infectious disease and different genotypes have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of TB in the lower northern region of Thailand, where genotyping data are limited.

Methods: A total of 159 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates from this region were genotyped by spoligotyping and the major spoligotypes were further subdivided by the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) method.

Transferable linezolid resistance genes (optrA and poxtA) in enterococci derived from livestock compost at Japanese farms.

Objectives: Linezolid is a last-resort antimicrobial in human clinical settings to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Mobile linezolid resistance genes (optrA, poxtA, and cfr) have been detected in various sources worldwide. However, the presence of linezolid-not-susceptible bacteria and mobile linezolid resistance genes in Japan remains uncertain.

Whole-Genome Investigation of Zoonotic Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Clonal Complex 398 Isolated from Pigs and Humans in Thailand.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) has been widespread globally in pigs and humans for decades. Nasal colonization of LA-MRSA is regarded as an occupational hazard to people who are regularly involved in livestock production. Our previous study suggested pig-to-human transmission caused by LA-MRSA clonal complex (CC) 398, using traditional molecular typing methods.

Exploration of the novel fluoroquinolones with high inhibitory effect against quinolone-resistant DNA gyrase of Typhimurium.

Quinolone-resistant nontyphoidal is a pressing public health concern, demanding the exploration of novel treatments. In this study, we focused on two innovative synthetic fluoroquinolones, WQ-3034 and WQ-3154. Our findings revealed that these new compounds demonstrate potent inhibitory effects, even against mutant strains that cause resistance to existing quinolones.