Climatic forcing of the Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem.

The deep-time development of the Southern Ocean's deep-sea ecosystem remains poorly understood, despite being a key region in global ecological, climatological, and oceanographic systems, where deep water forms and biodiversity is unexpectedly high. Here, we present an ∼500,000-year fossil record of the deep-sea Southern Ocean ecosystem in the subantarctic zone. The results indicate that changes in surface productivity and the resulting food supply to the deep sea, driven by eolian dust input and iron fertilization, along with changes in bottom-water temperature influenced by deep-water circulation, have controlled the deep-sea ecosystem in the Southern Ocean on orbital (10-10 years) timescales following the Mid-Brunhes event (MBE), a major climatic transition ∼430,000 years ago.

Confirming the occurrence of two fiddler crabs, Tubuca dussumieri (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) and T. coarctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ocypodidae), in Hong Kong by DNA barcoding and morphology.

The Indo-West Pacific region has a rich fiddler crab fauna. In East Asia, some species of fiddler crabs, such as Tubuca coarctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) and T.

Decoding historical and emerging environmental concerns of C chlorinated paraffins: Insights from marine sediment cores in the Pearl River Estuary.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) readily deposit in sediments upon entering estuaries and adjacent seas. Time-series investigations are indispensable for the long-term monitoring of historical releases and identifying CPs of emerging concerns in the marine environment. In this study, short-, medium-, and long-chain CPs (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) were investigated using time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (ToF-HRMS) in sediment cores, dated between the 1920s and the 2010s sampled from Hong Kong waters and Lingdingyang of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), South China.

[The Roles of Pharmacists and Pharmacies in Sustainable Medical Care: Current Status and Outlook Three Years After the Issuance of Recommendations by the Science Council of Japan].

Three years have passed since the Science Council of Japan issued its recommendations entitled "Profession and lifelong learning of pharmacists responsible for sustainable medical care." These recommendations include active involvement in community medicine, securing patient information necessary for pharmaceutical management, harmonizing undergraduate and post-graduate education, reform of the certification system for specialty-credentialed pharmacists, and development of the pharmacist resident system. This paper provides an overview of recent trends and future prospects for pharmacists and pharmacies in Japan.

Robustness and adaptability of sensorimotor skills in expert piano performance.

Skillful sequential action requires the delicate balance of sensorimotor control, encompassing both robustness and adaptability. However, it remains unknown whether both motor and neural responses triggered by sensory perturbation undergo plastic adaptation as a consequence of extensive sensorimotor experience. We assessed the effects of transiently delayed tone production on the subsequent motor actions and event-related potentials (ERPs) during piano performance by comparing pianists and non-musicians.

Cenozoic history of the tropical marine biodiversity hotspot.

The region with the highest marine biodiversity on our planet is known as the Coral Triangle or Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA). Its enormous biodiversity has long attracted the interest of biologists; however, the detailed evolutionary history of the IAA biodiversity hotspot remains poorly understood. Here we present a high-resolution reconstruction of the Cenozoic diversity history of the IAA by inferring speciation-extinction dynamics using a comprehensive fossil dataset.

New records of non-indigenous species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Crustacea, Mollusca), with a revision of genus (Mollusca: Bivalvia).

We report new data on non-indigenous invertebrates from the Mediterranean Sea (four ostracods and 20 molluscs), including five new records for the basin: the ostracods , aff. , cf. , cf.

Coral carbonate-bound isotopes reveal monsoonal influence on nitrogen sources in Southeastern China's Greater Bay Area from the mid-Holocene until the Anthropocene.

Most anthropogenic nitrogen (N) reaches coastal waters via rivers carrying increasing loads of sewage, fertilizer, and sediments. To understand anthropogenic N impacts, we need to understand historical N-dynamics before human influence. Stable isotope ratios of N preserved in carbonates are one way to create temporal N records.

Brain network flexibility as a predictor of skilled musical performance.

Interactions between the body and the environment are dynamically modulated by upcoming sensory information and motor execution. To adapt to this behavioral state-shift, brain activity must also be flexible and possess a large repertoire of brain networks so as to switch them flexibly. Recently, flexible internal brain communications, i.

Global raster dataset on historical coastline positions and shelf sea extents since the Last Glacial Maximum.

Motivation: Historical changes in sea level caused shifting coastlines that affected the distribution and evolution of marine and terrestrial biota. At the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 26 ka, sea levels were >130 m lower than at present, resulting in seaward-shifted coastlines and shallow shelf seas, with emerging land bridges leading to the isolation of marine biota and the connection of land-bridge islands to the continents. At the end of the last ice age, sea levels started to rise at unprecedented rates, leading to coastal retreat, drowning of land bridges and contraction of island areas.

[Issuance of Recommendation Entitled "Profession and Lifelong Learning of Pharmacists Responsible for Sustainable Medical Care" by Science Council of Japan and Subsequent Response].

In order to provide sustainable medical care in a super-aging society, pharmacists are required to play a role in integrated community care systems in cooperation with multiple professionals, in addition to prescription-based dispensing. We propose the necessity of building an interprofessional information sharing system, lifelong training for pharmacists, and the establishment of a professional certification system.

A global horizon scan of issues impacting marine and coastal biodiversity conservation.

The biodiversity of marine and coastal habitats is experiencing unprecedented change. While there are well-known drivers of these changes, such as overexploitation, climate change and pollution, there are also relatively unknown emerging issues that are poorly understood or recognized that have potentially positive or negative impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems. In this inaugural Marine and Coastal Horizon Scan, we brought together 30 scientists, policymakers and practitioners with transdisciplinary expertise in marine and coastal systems to identify new issues that are likely to have a significant impact on the functioning and conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity over the next 5-10 years.

Comparison of stone retropulsion between Moses mode and virtual basket mode: an in vitro study using artificial stones.

This study aimed to evaluate stone retropulsion in various laser pulse modes in both Moses mode (MM) and virtual basket mode (VBM). Experiments were performed using a channel-shaped rubber rail and artificial stones. We compared short pulse mode and long pulse mode in both MM and VBM with the laser tip positioned so that it was touching and at 1 and 2 mm distances from the stone surface.

Paleobiology provides glimpses of future ocean.

Fossil records from tropical oceans predict biodiversity loss in a warmer world.

Effect of Changing Surgical Instruments Before Wound Closure to Prevent Wound Infection in Lower GI Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Surgical site infection is a major surgical complication and has been studied extensively. However, the efficacy of changing surgical instruments before wound closure remains unclear.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of changing surgical instruments to prevent incisional surgical site infection during lower GI surgery.

Causal analysis of the temperature impact on deep-sea biodiversity.

The deep sea comprises more than 90% of the ocean; therefore, understanding the controlling factors of biodiversity in the deep sea is of great importance for predicting future changes in the functioning of the ocean system. Consensus has recently been increasing on two plausible factors that have often been discussed as the drivers of deep-sea species richness in the contexts of the species-energy and physiological tolerance hypotheses: (i) seafloor particulate organic carbon (POC) derived from primary production in the euphotic zone and (ii) temperature. Nonetheless, factors that drive deep-sea biodiversity are still actively debated potentially owing to a mirage of correlations (sign and magnitude are generally time dependent), which are often found in nonlinear, complex ecological systems, making the characterization of causalities difficult.

Assessment of circulating microRNA specific for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered promising biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment efficacy of diseases. However, usefulness of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for hereditary gastrointestinal diseases have not been confirmed yet. We explored circulating miRNAs specific for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) as a representative hereditary gastrointestinal disease.

Laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection combined with removal of the internal iliac vessels in rectal cancer: how to standardize this surgical procedure.

Background: Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LLND) combined with removal of the internal iliac vessels is a challenging surgical procedure in minimally invasive surgery. We herein report our dissection approach and short-term outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a study on rectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopuic LLND combined with removal of the internal iliac vessels at our institution in March 2017-December 2019.

Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Reduced Intensity Conditioning Using Fludarabine/Busulfan or Fludarabine/Melphalan for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) using fludarabine (Flu)-based reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) with busulfan (BU) or melphalan (Mel) for primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed transplant outcome, including engraftment, chimerism, immune reconstitution, and complications in 15 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and 27 patients with non-SCID PID. The patients underwent Flu-based RIC-HCT with BU (FluBU: 7 SCID, 16 non-SCID) or Mel (FluMel: 8 SCID, 11 non-SCID).