Pharmacogenomic-pharmacokinetic study of selective estrogen-receptor modulators with intra-patient dose escalation in breast cancer.

Background: An association between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen (TAM) efficacy has not been confirmed, partly due to unreliable prediction of active metabolite exposure solely by CYP2D6 activity. The efficacy of TAM dose escalation appears limited in poor TAM metabolizers. Since the chlorine atom on the side chain of toremifene (TOR) prevents 4-hydroxylation by CYP2D6, its contribution to active conversion of TOR is minor.

Organ-specific changes in norepinephrine turnover against various stress conditions in thermoneutral mice.

The effects of three stressors of different categories, namely cold exposure, immobilization, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, on sympathetic nerve activity were examined by assessing its biochemical index norepinephrine (NE) turnover in peripheral organs of C57BL/6 mice. NE turnover was assessed by measuring the decrease in the organ NE concentration 3 h after inhibition of catecholamine biosynthesis with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. NE turnover in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the room temperature (23 degrees C) control group was as high as that in the cold exposure (4 degrees C) group.

[A case of multiple liver metastases of gastric cancer successfully treated by combination chemotherapy of S-1 and paclitaxel].

A 54-year-old man underwent distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer in September 2002. CT performed 6 months after the operation revealed liver metastases, and they were resected. Hepatic arterial infusion therapy of 5-FU was performed; however, multiple liver metastases appeared in October 2003.