Confidence in the efficacy of routine vaccines after the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional web-based study.

Background: There is limited data that assessed the changes in public confidence in routine childhood and adult vaccines after Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We, therefore, assessed these changes and the reasons; if any; for these changes and measured the impact of COVID-19 on peoples' thoughts regarding routine vaccinations in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional online study in Saudi Arabia from November 2023 to April 2024.

Phylogeny and pathogenicity of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) associated with potato tubers.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the known five crops cultivated throughout the world after corn, barley, cereals, rice, and wheat, due to its content of high carbohydrates. In developing countries, potatoes are especially had valuable contents as a rich source of starch, vitamins C and B6, and essential amino acids.

Molecular characterization of ochratoxigenic fungi associated with raisins.

Dried grapes (raisin) may carry a significant mycological load contaminated via cultivation, postharvest processing practices, and drying processing. The contamination of raisin with fungi can accelerate spoilage or illness, if pathogens are present. Since raisins are used as food additives in many dishes in Saudi kitchen, there are healthy concerns on the safety of raisins consumed.

Molecular characterization of mycobiota and aflatoxin contamination of retail wheat flours from Jeddah markets.

The mycological profile of the retail wheat flour selling in different markets at Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) was studied. The most common genera were Aspergillus (isolated from 70% of the tested samples), Penicillium (30%), Eurotium (14%), and in a lesser extent Fusarium (20%) and Alternaria (18%). Twenty-nine strains of Aspergillus flavus were screened for their ability to produce aflatoxins (AFs).