Risk factors for post-induction hypotension in children presenting for surgery.

Background: Preoperative factors have been correlated with pre-incision hypotension (PIH) in children undergoing surgery, suggesting that PIH can be predicted through preoperative screening. We studied blood pressure (BP) changes in the 12 min following the induction of anesthesia to study the incidence of post-induction hypotension and to assess the feasibility of predicting PIH in low-risk children without preoperative hypotension or comorbid features.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 200 patients ranging in age from 2 to 8 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) physical status I or II, undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Dura to spinal cord distance at different vertebral levels in children and its implications on epidural analgesia: A retrospective MRI-based study.

Background: The distance from the dura to spinal cord is not uniform at different vertebral levels. The dura to spinal cord distance may be a critical factor in avoiding the potential for neurological injury caused by needle trauma after a dural puncture. Typically, the greater the dura to spinal cord distance, the larger the potential safety margin.