Role of bacterial quorum sensing and quenching mechanism in the efficient operation of microbial electrochemical technologies: A state-of-the-art review.

Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are a group of innovative technologies that produce valuables like bioelectricity and biofuels with the simultaneous treatment of wastewater from microorganisms known as electroactive microorganisms. The electroactive microorganisms are capable of transferring electrons to the anode of a MET through various metabolic pathways such as direct (via cytochrome or pili) or indirect (through transporters) transfer. Though this technology is promising, the inferior yield of valuables and the high cost of reactor fabrication are presently impeding the large-scale application of this technology.

Linking ontologies with three-dimensional models of anatomy to predict the effects of penetrating injuries.

Rapid diagnosis of penetrating injuries is essential to increased chance of survival. Geometric models representing anatomic structures could be useful, but such models generally contain only information about the relationships of points in space as well as display properties. We describe an approach to predicting the anatomic consequences of penetrating injury by creating a geometric model of anatomy that integrates biomechanical and anatomic knowledge.

Using ontologies linked with geometric models to reason about penetrating injuries.

Objective: Medical assessment of penetrating injuries is a difficult and knowledge-intensive task, and rapid determination of the extent of internal injuries is vital for triage and for determining the appropriate treatment. Physical examination and computed tomographic (CT) imaging data must be combined with detailed anatomic, physiologic, and biomechanical knowledge to assess the injured subject. We are developing a methodology to automate reasoning about penetrating injuries using canonical knowledge combined with specific subject image data.

Using an ontology of human anatomy to inform reasoning with geometric models.

The Virtual Soldier project is a large effort on the part of the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects agency to explore using both general anatomical knowledge and specific computed tomographic (CT) images of individual soldiers to aid the rapid diagnosis and treatment of penetrating injuries.