Dual immunological and oxidative responses in Oreochromis niloticus fish exposed to lambda cyhalothrin and concurrently fed with Thyme powder (Thymus vulgaris L.): Stress and immune encoding gene expression.

The present study was performed to explore the immunotoxicological effects of the lambda cyhalothrin (LCH) insecticide and evaluate the efficiency of Thyme powder (TP) as a fish supplement in attenuation of LCH impact on Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) fish. Fish was sampled following 30-days exposure to LCH (/ LC50: 0.

Sublethal concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate promote biochemical changes and DNA damage in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Increase in consumption of consumer items such as plasticizers have resulted in a sharp rise in the presence of xenobiotics like phthalic acid esters (PEs) in freshwater and marine environments due to contaminated runoff and improper release of effluents. The sublethal toxicity of Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was investigated in juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in an attempt to determine the biological effect of exposure to 1/2 and 1/3 median lethal concentration (96-h LC50) which, in our study was experimentally determined to be 11.8 mg/l.