Developmental stages and growth of the proventriculus of post-hatching Muscovy duck: Light and electron microscopic study.

The present study was implemented to provide comprehensive information on the developmental sequence of the proventriculus of Muscovy ducks by gross examination, macro-micrometric analysis and by using light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Samples from 55 healthy post-hatching Muscovy ducks of both sexes ranging from 1 to 60 days old. The proventriculus began cranially opposite to the cranial end of the liver at 1-15 days old, but in front this level at 30 and 60 days old.

Detection of occult right ventricular dysfunction in young Egyptians with type 1 diabetes mellitus by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common chronic disorder of childhood and adolescence. T1DM induced cardiomyopathy has a different entity than T2DM as it relies on different pathophysiological mechanisms, and rarely coexists with hypertension and obesity. Evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function in diabetic patients has been neglected despite the important contribution of RV to the overall cardiac function that affects the course and prognosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Hair histology as a tool for forensic identification of some domestic animal species.

Animal hair examination at a criminal scene may provide valuable information in forensic investigations. However, local reference databases for animal hair identification are rare. In the present study, we provide differential histological analysis of hair of some domestic animals in Upper Egypt.

Bile Microinfarcts in Cholestasis Are Initiated by Rupture of the Apical Hepatocyte Membrane and Cause Shunting of Bile to Sinusoidal Blood.

Bile duct ligation (BDL) is an experimental procedure that mimics obstructive cholestatic disease. One of the early consequences of BDL in rodents is the appearance of so-called bile infarcts that correspond to Charcot-Gombault necrosis in human cholestasis. The mechanisms causing bile infarcts and their pathophysiological relevance are unclear.

Neuropeptide AF Induces Piecemeal Degranulation in Murine Mucosal Mast Cells: A New Mediator in Neuro-Immune Communication in the Intestinal Lamina Propria?

Neuropeptides AF (NPAF), FF (NPFF) and SF (NPSF) are RFamide neuropeptides known to be widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system, where they fulfill a wide range of functions with pain modulation being the most prominent one. Recent evidence indicates that RFamides act as mediators in mast cell-sensory nerve communications related to allergic disease. Previous work by our group has shown that the expression levels of some members of the Mas-related gene receptor (Mrgpr) family in both enteric neurons and mucosal mast cells change during intestinal inflammation.

Histogenesis of the stomach of the pre-hatching quail: a light microscopic study.

The current study conducted a careful description of the histological events during the embryonic development of quail stomach. Daily histological specimens from the quail stomach from day 4 to day 17 post incubation were examined by light microscopy. The primitive gut tube of the embryonic quail appeared at day 4 post incubation.

Morphological and histomorphological structure of testes of the catfish "Clarias gariepinus" from Egypt.

Knowledge of the normal reproductive biology of catfish is of a great importance not only for better understanding of the theory of fish development, but also to be used as a baseline for understanding the pathological changes results form exposure to harmful toxicants. Thus, the aim of the current study was to elucidate the gross anatomical and light microscopic features of the testes of the catfish "Clarias gariepinus" from Egypt. The present study was carried out on 36 mature male catfish (Clarias gariepinus) collected monthly during the spawning period (April-September) throughout the Nile River, crossing Sohag city in Egypt, in the year 2011.

Long bone development in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnixjaponica) embryos.

The current study was undertaken to describe the main histological development stages of long bones (tibia and femur) from Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos. Whole Limbs or just tibia and femur of fifty Japanese quail embryos of different ages were fixed and embedded in paraffin or Spurr's resin. Paraffin and semi-thin, respectively, were undertaken and examined with light microscopy.

Ossification of the femur and tibia of the post-hatching Japanese quail.

The current study aimed to describe the histological changes of the femur and tibia of the post-hatching quail. Femur and tibia from 1-day- to 6-weeks post-hatching quail were processed for light microscopy. Histological examination revealed that endochondral ossification was a delayed process in the development of femur and tibia preceded by periosteal ossification.

Periostin expression distinguishes between light and dark hypertrophic chondrocytes.

Hypertrophic chondrocytes exist in two forms detectable by electron microscopy, light and dark chondrocytes; the functional implications of the heterogeneous morphology are unknown. The aims of the study were to establish a method for separating light from dark hypertrophic chondrocytes and to identify genes differentially expressed between the two populations. Three-dimensional pellet cultures of chondrocytes from cartilage of neonatal rats were induced to undergo hypertrophy by treatment with triiodothyronine.

Altered gene expression in early osteochondrosis lesions.

Osteochondrosis is a condition involving defective endochondral ossification and retention of cartilage in subchondral bone. The pathophysiology of this condition is poorly characterized, but it has been proposed that the fundamental defect is failure of chondrocyte hypertrophy. The aim of the current study was to characterize phenotypic changes in chondrocytes associated with the initiation of osteochondrosis.