as a Source of Immunomodulatory Agents: A New Opportunity and Perspective.

Immunomodulators are pivotal in managing various health conditions by regulating the immune response by either enhancing or suppressing it to maintain homeostasis. The growing interest in natural sources of immunomodulatory agents has spurred the investigation of numerous medicinal plants, including , commonly known in Asia as sungkai. Traditionally used for its medicinal properties in Southeast Asia, belongs to the Verbenaceae family and has garnered significant attention.

Botanical and pharmacognostic investigation of .

Under a hidden waterfall in the interior of the tropical rainforest of East Kalimantan, a new medicinal plant that produces essential oil (EO) was found with the name . The aim was to investigate the botanical and evaluate the pharmacognostic characteristics of leaves from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pharmacognostic studies can provide recommendations for establishing quality control standards or guidelines for cultivating, harvesting, and processing to ensure the consistent and reliable quality of medicinal products.

(Hassk) Merr. (Fabaceae) Inhibits Insulin Resistance in the Adipose Tissue of High Fructose-Induced Wistar Rats.

Background: The twigs and roots of (Hassk). Merr. Was reported to possess antidiabetic activity by reducing the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase.

Pharmacology activity, toxicity, and clinical trials of Erythrina genus plants (Fabaceae): an evidence-based review.

The concept of using plants to alleviate diseases is always challenging. In West Java, Indonesia, a local plant, named has been traditionally used to reduce blood glucose, fever, and edema, by pounding the leaves and applying them on the inflamed skin, or boiled and consumed as herbal tea. This plant belongs to the Erythrina genus, which covers approximately 120 species.

Safety Assessment of Lour. Leaves Extract: Acute and Subchronic Studies.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Schleichera oleosa</i> (Sapindaceae) has been reported to be useful in traditional medicine and it has some potential pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to assess its safety to provide complete data required for the development of <i>S. oleosa</i> as herbal medicine.

Review of the Case Reports on Metformin, Sulfonylurea, and Thiazolidinedione Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the world's most common metabolic disease. The development of T2DM is mainly caused by a combination of two factors: the failure of insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin (insulin resistance); therefore, the disease is indicated by a chronic increase in blood glucose. T2DM patients can be treated with mono- or combined therapy using oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin-replaced agents; however, the medication often leads to various discomforts, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, nausea and vomiting, and hypersensitivity reactions.

Phytosome drug delivery system for natural cosmeceutical compounds: Whitening agent and skin antioxidant agent.

Plants have been used as traditional medicine since ancient times for treating the diseases, metabolite active compounds from plants have excellent bioactivity, and pharmacological properties from plants are used as skin whitening agent and antioxidant in multiple mechanisms of action. However, these compounds have physicochemical limitations in terms of its poor solubility and penetration into the cells membrane. Phytosome drug delivery system can be the primary choice to improve the physicochemical properties, which allows increasing the effectiveness.

Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of bioactive compounds contained in noni fruit ( L.) against human pancreatic α-amylase.

Human pancreatic α-amylase inhibition is currently a promising therapeutic target against type 2 diabetes (DMT2) because it can reduce aggressive digestion of carbohydrates into absorbable monosaccharides. In Indonesia, medicinal plants, e.g.

Antibacterial activity and subchronic toxicity of L. barks in rats.

Increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of more potent antibiotics. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of L. barks as an alternative agent for resistant pathogenic bacteria.

Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside isolated from the leaves of Schima wallichii Korth. inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation through activation of the caspase cascade pathway.

Plants consumed by non-human primates represent potential drug sources for human disease management. In this study, we isolated kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside as an active compound from the leaves of Schima wallichii Korth., a plant commonly consumed by non-human primates.