Prognostic Implications of Delirium After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: A Retrospective Study.

Background: In critically ill patients, delirium is a prognostic indicator of morbidity and mortality.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of a delirium diagnosis on outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.

Methods: This retrospective study included all adult patients who received LVADs at our institution between January 2016 and December 2020.

Pharmacokinetics and Optimal Dosing of Levofloxacin in Children for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Background: Each year 25 000-32 000 children develop rifampicin- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB), and many more require preventive treatment. Levofloxacin is a key component of RR/MDR-TB treatment and prevention, but the existing pharmacokinetic data in children have not yet been comprehensively summarized. We aimed to characterize levofloxacin pharmacokinetics through an individual patient data meta-analysis of available studies and to determine optimal dosing in children.

Effect of Clemastine on Neurophysiological Outcomes in an Ovine Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Originally approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its antihistamine properties, clemastine can also promote white matter integrity and has shown promise in the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Perinatal Azithromycin Provides Limited Neuroprotection in an Ovine Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury/encephalopathy affects about 1.15 million neonates per year, 96% of whom are born in low- and middle-income countries. Therapeutic hypothermia is not effective in this setting, possibly because injury occurs significantly before birth.

Comparing the efficacy in reducing brain injury of different neuroprotective agents following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in newborn rats: a multi-drug randomized controlled screening trial.

Intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia leading to neonatal encephalopathy (NE) results in significant neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, with > 85% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is currently the only available safe and effective treatment of HIE in high-income countries (HIC); however, it has shown limited safety or efficacy in LMIC. Therefore, other therapies are urgently required.

Defining Longer-Term Outcomes in an Ovine Model of Moderate Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 1 million infants born with HIE each year survive with cerebral palsy and/or serious cognitive disabilities. While infants born with mild and severe HIE frequently result in predictable outcomes, infants born with moderate HIE exhibit variable outcomes that are highly unpredictable.

A Changing Landscape: Exploring Resident Perspectives on Pursuing Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowships.

Background: Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) was approved as a subspecialty in 2016. Perspectives of pediatric and combined pediatric residents regarding barriers and facilitators to pursuing PHM fellowships have not previously been assessed.

Methods: A survey to explore residents' perspectives on PHM fellowships, with questions regarding demographics, likelihood of pursuing PHM after fellowship introduction, and influencing factors was distributed to pediatric and combined pediatric residents via program directors.

Reduced paraspinous muscle area is associated with post-colectomy complications in children with ulcerative colitis.

Background And Objectives: Sarcopenia, defined as reduced muscle mass, is typically assessed by CT scans, which are infrequently performed in children. Using MRI to measure sarcopenia, we determined the association with postoperative complications after colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: Clinical and preoperative MRI data for 13-18-year-old UC patients who underwent colectomy were retrospectively reviewed.

A Preliminary Investigation of a Specialized Music Therapy Model for Children with Disabilities Delivered in a Classroom Setting.

Music therapy is gaining popularity as an intervention strategy for children with developmental disabilities, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was a pilot investigation of a classroom-based music-based intervention, , for improving communication skills in children with ASD and children with intellectual disabilities. Four local public elementary school special education classrooms, serving 5 children with a classification of autistic disorder and 32 children with intellectual disability without autism, were randomly selected to receive one of two levels of exposure to music therapy: "long-term" (15 weeks beginning in January 2015 (Time 1), = 14) or "short-term" (7 weeks beginning 7 weeks later in February (Time 2), = 17).

KRAS Engages AGO2 to Enhance Cellular Transformation.

Oncogenic mutations in RAS provide a compelling yet intractable therapeutic target. Using co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, we uncovered an interaction between RAS and Argonaute 2 (AGO2). Endogenously, RAS and AGO2 co-sediment and co-localize in the endoplasmic reticulum.

KRAS insertion mutations are oncogenic and exhibit distinct functional properties.

Oncogenic KRAS mutations introduce discrete amino acid substitutions that reduce intrinsic Ras GTPase activity and confer resistance to GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Here we discover a partial duplication of the switch 2 domain of K-Ras encoding a tandem repeat of amino acids G60_A66dup in a child with an atypical myeloproliferative neoplasm. K-Ras proteins containing this tandem duplication or a similar five amino acid E62_A66dup mutation identified in lung and colon cancers transform the growth of primary myeloid progenitors and of Ba/F3 cells.

Resident training in a new robotic thoracic surgery program.

Background: The volume of robot-assisted operations has drastically increased over the past decade. New programs have focused on training surgeons, whereas resident training has lagged behind. The objective of this study was to evaluate our institutional experience with resident participation in thoracic robotic surgery cases since the initiation of our program.