Ras protein abundance correlates with Ras isoform mutation patterns in cancer.

Activating mutations of Ras genes are often observed in cancer. The protein products of the three Ras genes are almost identical. However, for reasons that remain unclear, KRAS is far more frequently mutated than the other Ras isoforms in cancer and RASopathies.

Absolute Quantitation of GTPase Protein Abundance.

Ras proteins and other small molecular weight GTPases are molecular switches controlling a wide range of cellular functions. High homology and functional redundancy between closely related family members are commonly observed. Antibody-based methods are commonly used to characterize their protein expression.

Assembly of alternative prothrombinase by extracellular histones initiates and disseminates intravascular coagulation.

Thrombin generation is pivotal to both physiological blood clot formation and pathological development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In critical illness, extensive cell damage can release histones into the circulation, which can increase thrombin generation and cause DIC, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. Typically, thrombin is generated by the prothrombinase complex, comprising activated factor X (FXa), activated cofactor V (FVa), and phospholipids to cleave prothrombin in the presence of calcium.

Anatomical and ultrasound-based injections for sunken upper eyelid correction.

Background: A needle or a cannula can be safely used during filler injection procedures to correct a sunken upper eyelid. To date, there are no precise injection points recommended that are based on an anatomical study.

Objective: This study systematically investigated the vascular pattern and depth of forehead arteries at the periorbital area of upper eyelid.

Investigation of the presence and variation of the ascending mental artery: Conventional dissections and ultrasonographic study.

Background: Tongue and mouth floor infarction following filler injections for chin augmentation is a rare complication that has the increase in incidence been reported.

Objective: This study investigated the arterial anastomosis between the submental and sublingual arteries that can lead to the emboli and subsequent tongue infarction during chin augmentation.

Methods: Forty-two formaldehyde-embalmed cadavers and four soft-embalmed cadavers were dissected to verify the incidence and source of the ascending mental artery.

Ultrasound evaluation of arterial anastomosis of the forehead.

Background: Color Doppler ultrasound has a potential role as an imaging guide in aiding filler injections which are blinded procedures.

Objective: This study investigated the forehead arteries and provided insight into their anastomoses. This was performed by challenging their function to provide blood through these anastomoses when the main artery was temporary occluded by compression.

A Cadaveric Study of the Communication Patterns Between the Buccal Trunks of the Facial Nerve and the Infraorbital Nerve in the Midface.

Most nerve communications reported in the literature were found between the terminal branches. This study aimed to clarify and classify patterns of proximal communications between the buccal branches (BN) of the facial nerve and the infraorbital nerve (ION).The superficial musculoaponeurotic system protects any communication sites from conventional dissections.

Non-specificity of Pitstop 2 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Small molecule inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis are highly desired for the dissection of membrane trafficking pathways in the lab and for potential use as anti-infectives in the clinic. One inhibition strategy is to prevent clathrin from contacting adaptor proteins so that clathrin-mediated endocytosis cannot occur. "Pitstop" compounds have been developed that block only one of the four functional interaction sites on the N-terminal domain of clathrin heavy chain.