Chemical Composition and Microhardness of Human Enamel Treated with Fluoridated Whintening Agents. A Study .

Background: Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces.

Objective: Assess the effects of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide with and without fluoride on human dental enamel using the ion chromatography test (IC) and the Knoop hardness test (KHN).

Material And Methods: Nineteen enamel specimens were prepared using third human molars.

An in situ Evaluation of Bioactives on the Morphology of Bleached Enamel.

Aim: The aim of this study was to use surface rugosity analysis (Ra) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) comparing effects of nano-hydroxyapatite (NANO), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and NovaMin (NOVA) on enamel's human morphology bleached with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide.

Materials And Methods: Forty specimens (3 × 3 × 3 mm) were obtained from fully included third molars and four specimens were attached in the first molars of the volunteers.

Influence of fluoride concentration and pH Value of 35% hydrogen peroxide on the hardness, roughness and morphology of bovine enamel.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different sodium fuoride (NaF) concentrations and pH values on the Knoop hardness (KHN), surface roughness (SR), and morphology of bovine incisors bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-five bovine incisors were fragmented (5 mm(2) × 2 mm) and distributed in 5 groups: Control (unbleached), Low NaF/Acidic (35% HP + 1.3% NaF, pH 5.