Evaluating the effects of Botulinum Toxin A on tear metrics in patients with hemifacial spasm.

Hemifacial spasm has been previously shown to result in dry eye and ocular surface diseases. This study was performed to assess the impact of chemodenervation with botulinum toxin on clinically-relevant metrics of tears. Tear osmolarity and lipid layer thickness were measured in patients with hemifacial spasm after they achieved relief from hemifacial spasm via botulinum toxin injections.

Episodic Excessive Blinking in Children.

Purpose: Many children present with excessive blinking. Categorization, associated conditions, and prognosis are controversial.

Methods: All children with excessive blinking were reviewed, excluding those with known uveitis, glaucoma, or obvious eyelid abnormalities.