Monitoring the coupling of the lithotripter therapy head with skin during routine shock wave lithotripsy with a surveillance camera.

Purpose: With lithotripters today the shock waves are typically transmitted into the body via water filled bellows using coupling gel to make contact with the skin. Usually the coupling zone is not visible to the operator. We investigated coupling quality during routine clinical shock wave lithotripsy and the associated effect on shock wave disintegration efficiency.

Real-time MRI of continent and stress incontinent male patients after orthotopic ileal neobladder.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to correlate anatomic differences with continence status in male patients after cystoprostatectomy and ileal neobladder using real-time magnetic resonance imaging.

Patients And Methods: Anatomic differences of 14 male patients (7 daytime continent and 7 stress incontinent) with ileal neobladder were determined by measuring the orthogonal distance of the bladder neck to the pubococcygeal line (PCL) to correlate anatomic differences with continence status.

Results: The median distance of the bladder neck to PCL was +5.

Patient-reported side effects of intradetrusor botulinum toxin type a for idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome.

Objective: The aim of the study was a prospective assessment of patient-reported side effects in an open-label study after intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections for idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB).

Patients And Methods: Botulinum toxin A injection was performed in 56 patients with idiopathic OAB. Patients were followed up for 6 months concerning side effects and patients' satisfaction.

Influence of clinical information on the interpretation of urinary cytology in bladder cancer: how suggestible is a cytologist?

Objective: to determine the influence of the knowledge of the endoscopic findings and the influence of the patient's history on the cytologist's judgement, as urinary cytology is known to be subjective and has several limitations, in particular a high inter- and intra-observer variability.

Patients And Methods: we analysed the cytological and histological findings of patients who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumour, and determined whether the cytologist was aware of the endoscopic findings or not. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology were calculated with or without this knowledge, and that of the patients' bladder cancer history.