Fatal Complications of Extensive Drug-Resistant Typhoid Fever: A Case Report.

Typhoid fever is a systemic illness that often presents with fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. There are multiple complications associated with typhoid fever which includes intestinal perforation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatitis, and anemia. In recent years, a new extensively drug resistant (XDR) strain of  emerged, associated with higher incidence of complications, responding to azithromycin and carbapenems only.

De-escalation of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.

Introduction Current guidelines recommend that sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) be performed in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergoing mastectomy, in patients for whom the location of excision may compromise future SLNB, or if there is a high suspicion or risk of upstaging to invasive cancer on final pathology. Whether axillary surgery should be performed in patients with DCIS remains controversial. Our study aimed to examine the factors associated with the upgrade of DCIS to invasive cancer on final pathology and sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases to evaluate whether axillary surgery may be safely omitted in DCIS.

PPAR agonists as effective adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines, by modifying immunogenetics: a review of literature.

Background: Several coronavirus vaccine have been fast-tracked to halt the pandemic, the usage of immune adjuvants that can boost immunological memory has come up to the surface. This is particularly of importance in view of the rates of failure of seroconversion and re-infection after COVID-19 infection, which could make the vaccine role and response debatable. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have an established immune-modulatory role, but their effects as adjuvants to vaccination have not been explored to date.