Erratum to National Workshop on Alternatives to Higher Animals in Toxicology and Biomedical Science.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.14573/altex.2403151.

Evaluation of the toxic potential of ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) on .

The effect of EMS at final concentration of 0.09, 0.18, 0.

Phthalates Induced Neurotoxicity: A Mechanistic Approach.

Phthalates play a significant role as plastic modifying additives in everyday items like plastics, pesticides, paints, and cosmetics. This review explores the relationship between phthalates and neurotoxicity and sheds light on the potential risks these ubiquitous chemicals pose to neurological health. The review elucidates the diverse neurotoxic effects of phthalates exposure, spanning developmental neurotoxicity, neuropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurobehavioral toxicity.

Formulation of Microemulsion-Based Gels for Enhanced Topical Administration of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly administered orally to manage pain and inflammation, but they can have negative gastrointestinal side effects. Topical delivery is an alternative, and microemulsions (μEs) have been shown to be effective in facilitating, but they suffer from a liquid nature and low long-term retention on the skin. Hence, microemulsified gels (μEGs) have been developed, and in this study, we explored certain μEGs with diclofenac sodium (DF-Na) and naproxen sodium (NP-Na) with the hypothesis to ensure a slower and more sustained delivery of NSAIDs through the skin.

Modeling of Parkinson's Disease in Different Models.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive disorder worldwide and its etiology remains unidentified. Over the last few decades, animal models of PD have been extensively utilized to explore the development and mechanisms of this neurodegenerative condition. Toxic and transgenic animal models for PD possess unique characteristics and constraints, necessitating careful consideration when selecting the appropriate model for research purposes.

The Neuroprotective Role of Tangeritin.

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has increased with longer life expectancies, necessitating the exploration of novel neuroprotective agents. Tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone derived from citrus fruits, has gathered attention for its potential therapeutic effects. This review highlights the neuroprotective properties of tangeretin via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Assessing the multi-dimensional impact of lead-induced toxicity on collembola found in maize fields: From oxidative stress to genetic disruptions.

The prolonged exposure of agricultural soils to heavy metals from wastewater, particularly in areas near industrial facilities, poses a significant threat to the well-being of living organisms. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established standard permissible limits for heavy metals in agricultural soils to mitigate potential health hazards. Nevertheless, some agricultural fields continue to be irrigated with wastewater containing industrial effluents.

Effect of Rotenone on the Neurodegeneration among Different Models.

Rotenone is a naturally occurring plant product used as an insecticide, pesticide and piscicide. It is lipophilic in nature and can cross the blood-brain barrier and induce the degeneration of neurons. It inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and stops the transfer of electrons.

Resveratrol: Protective Agent Against Alzheimer's Disease.

Resveratrol is a biologically active natural phenolic plant product. It has several properties which make them useful to treat the disease. In this review, we have highlighted the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol.

Evaluation of the toxic potential of Bisphenol-A glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA) on the third instar larvae of transgenic .

Introduction: In the present study the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) was studied on the third instar larvae of transgenic ().

Materials And Methods: The concentration of BisGMA i.e.

Effect of Flavonoids against Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the depletion of striatal dopamine content and aggregation of alphasynuclein in the substantia nigra (SN). It is possible to treat the symptoms of PD with a variety of medications, but they often result in complications and are not able to cure or stop the progression of the disease.

Application of Nanocomposites and Nanoparticles in Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a formidable global health challenge, affecting millions and imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. Conditions, like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, among others, share common characteristics, such as neuronal loss, misfolded protein aggregation, and nervous system dysfunction. One of the major obstacles in treating these diseases is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, limiting the delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system.

Evaluation of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate toxicity on the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, generally known as DEHP is a synthetic compound mainly used as a plasticizer to make polyvinyl chloride products flexible and soft. The present work aimed to study the toxicity of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster(hsp70-lacZ) Bg. The hsp70 gene is associated with the β-galactosidase in our present transgenic strain therefore, the more activity of β-galactosidase will indirectly correspond to hsp70 expression.

Effect of donepezil hydrochloride on the transgenic expressing human Aβ-42.

Aim: In the present study, the effect of donepezil hydrochloride was studied on the transgenic expressing human amyloid beta-42 in the neurons.

Methods: Donepezil hydrochloride at final concentration of 0.1, 1 and 10 mM was mixed in the diet and the flies expressing human amyloid beta-42 under Upstream Activation Sequence control (Alzheimer Disease [AD] flies) were allowed to feed on it for 30 days.

Pharmacological Attributes of Fenugreek with Special Reference to Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: An annual plant, Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) has well-known health care benefits in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Its leaves and seeds have alkaloids, amino acids, caumarins, flavonoids, saponins, and other bioactive components.

Effect of Apigenin on Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are the most frequent age-related illnesses affecting millions worldwide. No effective medication for NDDs is known to date and current disease management approaches include neuroprotection strategies with the hope of maintaining and improving the function of neurons. Such strategies will not provide a cure on their own but are likely to delay disease progression by reducing the production of neurotoxic chemicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related inflammatory chemicals.

Effect of Natural Plant Products on Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Plants and their extracts like ginger, garlic, Curcuma, Salvia, and Ginkgo are best known for their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. These plants have shown their anti-Alzheimer's properties in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Their diverse phytochemicals play a protective role against amyloid-beta-induced neurotoxicity and improve cognitive and learning impairments.

The Emerging Landscape of Natural Small-molecule Therapeutics for Huntington's Disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no diseasemodifying therapeutics. HD is characterized by extensive neuronal loss and is caused by the inherited expansion of the huntingtin (HTT) gene that encodes a toxic mutant HTT (mHTT) protein having expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) residues. Current HD therapeutics only offer symptomatic relief.

Protective effect of the newly synthesized and characterized charge transfer (CT) complex against arecoline induced toxicity in third-instar larvae of transgenic : experimental and theoretical mechanistic insights.

Agents that suppress the toxic effect of arecoline (a chemical present in the Areca nut fruit) have become a need of the hour owing to its several harmful effects on human beings. Although some drug molecules have been developed for this purpose, yet, simple, easy to prepare, and economical molecules with remarkable potency are still a challenge to design. The present work thus becomes important as it involves the synthesis of a new charge transfer complex (CTC) material, which has, for the first time, been screened to investigate its effect on the toxic effects of arecoline.

Comparative assessment of periodontal status and genotoxicity in orthodontic patients on fixed mechanotherapy with and without adjunct chlorhexidine mouthrinse: A randomized control clinical trial.

Background: Adjunct chlorhexidine mouthrinse is used routinely in orthodontic clinical practice for plaque control. However, chlorhexidine has genotoxic effects on the oral cells. Moreover, orthodontic appliance leach Ni, Cr metals ions into saliva causing toxicity of surrounding mucosa.

Beneficial effects of apigenin on the transgenic Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The available drugs improve the symptoms but do not play role in modifying disease effects. Currently, the treatment strategies focus on inhibiting the production of Aβ-42 aggregates and tau filaments.

Comparative study of rivastigmine and galantamine on the transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized as a progressive neurodegenerative disease most commonly associated with memory deficits and cognitive decline. The formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are important pathological markers of AD. The accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles leads to the loss of neurons including the cholinergic neurons thus decreasing the levels of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter).

Role of Unani Polyherbal Formulations in the Treatment of Diseases with Special Reference to Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Unani system of medicine is based on the use of natural plant products. Unani polyherbal formulations (UPFs) are being prescribed for the treatment of various ailments. The preparations of the UPFs also required the animal products such as honey and umber.

Drosophila: A Model to Study the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.

Human Central Nervous System (CNS) is the complex part of the human body, which regulates multiple cellular and molecular events taking place simultaneously. Parkinsons Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathological hallmarks of PD are loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantianigra (SN) pars compacta (SNpc) and accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein, in intra-cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies (LBs).