Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Research on the Germination Process of Overwintering Buds.

Ginseng ( C. A. Meyer) is a perennial plant with a long dormancy period.

RNA Modifications in Hematologic Malignancies.

Chemical modifications on macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins play important roles in almost all biological processes. The revival of RNA modification research began with the discovery of RNA modification machineries, and with the development of better techniques for characterizing and profiling these modifications at the transcriptome-wide level. Hematopoietic system is maintained by hematopoietic stem cells that possess efficient self-renewal capacity and the potential of differentiation into all lineages of blood cells, and the imbalance of this homeostasis frequently causes hematologic malignancies such as leukemia.

Mettl3-dependent mA modification is essential for effector differentiation and memory formation of CD8 T cells.

Efficient immune responses rely on the proper differentiation of CD8 T cells into effector and memory cells. Here, we show a critical requirement of N-Methyladenosine (mA) methyltransferase Mettl3 during CD8 T cell responses upon acute viral infection. Conditional deletion of Mettl3 in CD8 T cells impairs effector expansion and terminal differentiation in an mA-dependent manner, subsequently affecting memory formation and the secondary response of CD8 T cells.

Photocatalytic Applications of ReS-Based Heterostructures.

ReS-based heterostructures, which involve the coupling of a narrow band-gap semiconductor ReS with other wide band-gap semiconductors, have shown promising performance in energy conversion and environmental pollution protection in recent years. This review focuses on the preparation methods, encompassing hydrothermal, chemical vapor deposition, and exfoliation techniques, as well as achievements in correlated applications of ReS-based heterostructures, including type-I, type-II heterostructures, and Z-scheme heterostructures for hydrogen evolution, reduction of CO, and degradation of pollutants. We believe that this review provides an overview of the most recent advances to guide further research and development of ReS-based heterostructures for photocatalysis.

Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein is required for preserving hematopoietic stem cell quiescence via regulating lysosomal activity.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) maintain lifetime whole blood hematopoiesis through self-renewal and differentiation. In order to sustain HSC stemness, most HSC reside in a quiescence state, which is affected by diverse cellular stress and intracellular signal transduction. How HSC accommodate those challenges to preserve lifetime capacity remains elusive.

Ptip is essential for tooth development via regulating Wnt pathway.

Objective: Epigenetic regulation plays important role in stem cell maintenance. Ptip was identified as epigenetic regulator, but the role in dental progenitor cells remains unclear.

Subjects And Methods: Dental mesenchymal progenitor cells were targeted by Sp7-icre and visualized in mTmG; Sp7-icre mice.

Decoding mA RNA methylome identifies PRMT6-regulated lipid transport promoting AML stem cell maintenance.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is a common chemical modification for mammalian mRNA and exhibits high dynamics in various biological processes. However, dynamics of mA RNA methylome during leukemogenesis remains unknown. Here, we delineate a comprehensive mA landscape during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development and identify PRMT6 as a key for maintaining AML stem cells.

RNA mA modification: Mapping methods, roles, and mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia.

N-Methyladenosine (mA) is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNA, and plays important biological functions via regulating RNA fate determination. Recent studies have shown that mA modification plays a key role in hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia. The current growth of epitranscriptomic research mainly benefits from technological progress in detecting RNA mA modification in a transcriptome-wide manner.

Inactivation of BoORP3a, an oxysterol-binding protein, causes a low wax phenotype in ornamental kale.

Identifying genes associated with wax deposition may contribute to the genetic improvement of ornamental kale. Here, we characterized a candidate gene for wax contents, , encoding an oxysterol-binding protein. We sequenced the gene and coding sequence from the high-wax line S0835 and the low-wax line F0819, which revealed 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms between the two lines, of which six caused five amino acids substitutions.

IL-1β/NF-κB signaling inhibits IGF-1 production via let-7f-5p in dendritic epidermal T cells.

Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are the main source of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in epidermal tissue, which promote re-epithelialization and wound healing. In refractory wounds, IL-1β has been shown to activate NF-κB and suppress IGF-1 expression in DETCs. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Role of the Demethylase AlkB Homolog H5 in the Promotion of Dentinogenesis.

Dentinogenesis is a key process in tooth formation and is regulated by a series of pre- and post-transcriptional regulations. N6-methyl-adenosine (mA), which is the most prevalent internal chemical modification that can be removed by the RNA demethylase AlkB homolog H5 (ALKBH5), has recently been reported to be involved in several biological processes. However, the exact function of ALKBH5-mediated mA modification in tooth development remains unclear.

Differential metabolome responses to deltamethrin between resistant and susceptible Anopheles sinensis.

Insecticide-based vector control measures play an important role in the prevention and control of insect-borne infectious diseases such as malaria; however, insecticide resistance has become a severe global problem for vector control. To date, the metabolic mechanism by which Anopheles sinensis, the most widely distributed malaria vector in China and Asia, detoxifies insecticides is not clear. In this study, the molecular metabolite changes in both the larval and adult stages of deltamethrin susceptible (DS) and deltamethrin-resistant (DR) An.

PTIP governs NAD metabolism by regulating CD38 expression to drive macrophage inflammation.

NAD metabolism is involved in many biological processes. However, the underlying mechanism of how NAD metabolism is regulated remains elusive. Here, we find that PTIP governs NAD metabolism in macrophages by regulating CD38 expression and is required for macrophage inflammation.

RNA mA Modification Plays a Key Role in Maintaining Stem Cell Function in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is a commonly modification of mammalian mRNAs and plays key roles in various cellular processes. Emerging evidence reveals the importance of RNA mA modification in maintaining stem cell function in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. In this review, we first briefly summarize the latest advances in RNA mA biology, and further highlight the roles of mA writers, readers and erasers in normal hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemia.

Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A is essential for amplification of inflammatory cascades in ischemic brain tissue after stroke.

Background: Through amplifying inflammatory cascades, IL-17A produced by γδ T cells potently attracts neutrophils to the site of injury for exacerbating ischemic tissue damage. Our goal was to identify the precise role of γδ T cell subsets in ischemic brain tissue damage of stroke.

Methods: In a model of experimental stroke, we analyzed the functions of Vγ1 and Vγ4 T cells on γδ T cell-mediated ischemic brain tissue damage of stroke.

YBX1 is required for maintaining myeloid leukemia cell survival by regulating BCL2 stability in an m6A-dependent manner.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical regulators of transcription and translation that are often dysregulated in cancer. Although RBPs are increasingly recognized as being important for normal hematopoiesis and for hematologic malignancies as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, RBPs that are essential for the maintenance and survival of leukemia remain elusive. Here we show that YBX1 is specifically required for maintaining myeloid leukemia cell survival in an N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent manner.

Leukemogenic Chromatin Alterations Promote AML Leukemia Stem Cells via a KDM4C-ALKBH5-AXL Signaling Axis.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is a commonly present modification of mammalian mRNAs and plays key roles in various cellular processes. mA modifiers catalyze this reversible modification. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these mA modifiers are regulated remain elusive.

Functions of Vγ4 T Cells and Dendritic Epidermal T Cells on Skin Wound Healing.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process that progresses through the distinct phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Both inflammation and re-epithelialization, in which skin γδ T cells are heavily involved, are required for efficient skin wound healing. Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), which reside in murine epidermis, are activated to secrete epidermal cell growth factors, such as IGF-1 and KGF-1/2, to promote re-epithelialization after skin injury.

Vγ4 T Cells Inhibit the Pro-healing Functions of Dendritic Epidermal T Cells to Delay Skin Wound Closure Through IL-17A.

Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) and dermal Vγ4 T cells engage in wound re-epithelialization and skin inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether a functional link between Vγ4 T cell pro-inflammation and DETC pro-healing exists to affect the outcome of skin wound closure. Here, we revealed that Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A inhibited IGF-1 production by DETCs to delay skin wound healing.

Dermal VγT cells enhance the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammatidon in re-challenged mice.

To investigate the role of dermal Vγγδ T cells in psoriasis-like skin inflammation induced by a re-challenge with imiquimod (IMQ), we compared the development of dermatitis induced by topical application of IMQ in primary challenged mice and re-challenged mice. We also compared the development of dermatitis induced by IMQ between re-challenged control mice and Vγ depleted re-challenged mice that had been initially subjected to IMQ-induced dermatitis 30 prior. We found that the IMQ-induced dermatitis was exacerbated in the re-challenged group compared with the primary challenged group and the Vγ depleted re-challenged group.

IL-15 Enhances Activation and IGF-1 Production of Dendritic Epidermal T Cells to Promote Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice.

Altered homeostasis and dysfunction of dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) contribute to abnormal diabetic wound healing. IL-15 plays important roles in survival and activation of T lymphocytes. Recently, reduction of epidermal IL-15 has been reported as an important mechanism for abnormal DETC homeostasis in streptozotocin -induced diabetic animals.