AQbD integrated high-performance thin layer chromatographic method for quantitative estimation of Tavaborole in the presence of its degradants and the matrix of nanostructured lipid carriers.

Background: Tavaborole (TAV), a benzoxaborole derivative, is an FDA-approved antifungal agent for treating onychomycosis, a common and persistent fungal infection of the toenails.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a robust stability-indicating HPTLC method to determine TAV in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) using a comprehensive approach that includes risk assessment, and Analytical Quality by Design.

Methods: The critical method parameters influencing the HPTLC results were screened using a Plackett-Burman screening design followed by its optimization using a central composite optimization design.

Evaluation of change in the contact of IOL with the posterior capsule with respect to the orientation of haptics of the IOL using intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To study change in the contact of intraocular lens (IOL) with the posterior capsule with respect to the vertical versus horizontal orientation of the haptic-optic junction of the IOL using intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with senile immature cataract underwent topical phacoemulsification procedure with implantation of a monofocal IOL by a single experienced surgeon. The Rescan 700 SD-OCT system was used for intraoperative imaging.

BAG-3 Mutation Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Young Healthy Adult.

Cardiomyopathies are generally divided into ischemic and nonischemic types. Dilated cardiomyopathies, which are a type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy, may have a trait of left ventricular noncompaction. We present the case of a 34-year-old man with new-onset decompensated heart failure and left ventricular noncompaction from a BAG3 (Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3) truncating mutation.

A robust benchmark for detecting low-frequency variants in the HG002 Genome In A Bottle NIST reference material.

Somatic mosaicism is an important cause of disease, but mosaic and somatic variants are often challenging to detect because they exist in only a fraction of cells. To address the need for benchmarking subclonal variants in normal cell populations, we developed a benchmark containing mosaic variants in the Genome in a Bottle Consortium (GIAB) HG002 reference material DNA from a large batch of a normal lymphoblastoid cell line. First, we used a somatic variant caller with high coverage (300x) Illumina whole genome sequencing data from the Ashkenazi Jewish trio to detect variants in HG002 not detected in at least 5% of cells from the combined parental data.

Roflumilast mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating TNF-α/TNFR1/TNFR2/Fas/Caspase mediated apoptosis and inflammatory signals.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of roflumilast on modulating TNF-α/Caspase mediated cellular signals in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Methods: The rats (Male Wistar) were divided into five groups: normal control, disease control (cisplatin: 7 mg/kg i.p.

StableLift: Optimized Germline and Somatic Variant Detection Across Genome Builds.

Reference genomes are foundational to modern genomics. Our growing understanding of genome structure leads to continual improvements in reference genomes and new genome "builds" with incompatible coordinate systems. We quantified the impact of genome build on germline and somatic variant calling by analyzing tumour-normal whole-genome pairs against the two most widely used human genome builds.

Colibactin Exerts Androgen-dependent and -independent Effects on Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: The etiology of prostate cancer (PC) is multifactorial and poorly understood. It has been suggested that colibactin-producing Escherichia coli positive for the pathogenicity island pks (pks) initiate cancers via induction of genomic instability. In PC, androgens promote oncogenic translocations.

Coronary embolism and acute limb ischemia without pre-existing atrial fibrillation: Hunt for the hidden thrombus.

Coronary embolism (CE) is an infrequent etiology of myocardial infarction secondary to embolization of occlusive thrombi within the coronary arteries, typically arising in patients with pre-existing atrial fibrillation. Clinical presentation is similar to atherosclerotic myocardial infarction, however the condition is likely underrecognized. The simultaneous presence of other embolic manifestations may assist with diagnosis, although definitive therapy, medical or interventional, remains inconclusive.

A conserved cell-type gradient across the human mediodorsal and paraventricular thalamus.

The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and adjacent midline nuclei are important for cognition and mental illness, but their cellular composition is not well defined. Using single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics, we identified a conserved excitatory neuron gradient, with distinct spatial mapping of individual clusters. One end of the gradient was expanded in human MD compared to mice, which may be related to the expansion of granular prefrontal cortex in hominids.

Tissue-specific RNA-seq defines genes governing male tail tip morphogenesis in C. elegans.

Caenorhabditis elegans males undergo sex-specific tail tip morphogenesis (TTM) under the control of the DM-domain transcription factor DMD-3. To find genes regulated by DMD-3, we performed RNA-seq of laser-dissected tail tips. We identified 564 genes differentially expressed (DE) in wild-type males versus dmd-3(-) males and hermaphrodites.

Divergent Evolution in Bilateral Prostate Cancer: a Case Study.

Multifocal prostate cancer is a prevalent phenomenon, with most cases remaining uncharacterized from a genomic perspective. A patient presented with bilateral prostate cancer. On systematic biopsy, two indistinguishable clinicopathologic lesions were detected.

The Proteogenomics of Prostate Cancer Radioresistance.

Unlabelled: Prostate cancer is frequently treated with radiotherapy. Unfortunately, aggressive radioresistant relapses can arise, and the molecular underpinnings of radioresistance are unknown. Modern clinical radiotherapy is evolving to deliver higher doses of radiation in fewer fractions (hypofractionation).

Upgrading of Grade Group 1 Prostate Cancer at Prostatectomy: Germline Risk Factors in a Prospective Cohort.

Background: Localized prostate tumors show significant spatial heterogeneity, with regions of high-grade disease adjacent to lower grade disease. Consequently, prostate cancer biopsies are prone to sampling bias, potentially leading to underestimation of tumor grade. To study the clinical, epidemiologic, and molecular hallmarks of this phenomenon, we conducted a prospective study of grade upgrading: differences in detected prostate cancer grade between biopsy and surgery.

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Cardiac Mass.

Cardiac involvement as the initial presentation of lymphoma is a rare occurrence. The most common type of cardiac lymphoma is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which often affects the right atrium. Cardiac lymphoma can either be mediastinal DLBCL invading the heart or primary cardiac lymphoma.

Predictors of glycemic worsening in the next year in adults with screen-detected type 2 diabetes.

Background And Aims: Identifying simple markers of risk for worsening glucose can allow care providers to target therapeutic interventions according to risk of worsening glycemic control. We aimed to determine which routine clinical measures herald near-term glycemic worsening in early type 2 diabetes(T2D).

Methods: The Early Diabetes Intervention Program (EDIP) was a clinical trial in individuals with screendetected T2D [HbA1C 6.

Perils of reduced dose apixaban in atrial fibrillation/flutter - A case report with a brief literature review.

Patients with atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF) are notoriously predisposed to thromboembolic events secondary to the development of thrombi within the left atrium of the heart. AF accompanied by a fairly decent CHA2DS2-VASc score is a known indication for full anticoagulation, frequently with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as apixaban. Following extensive studies weighing the benefits of anticoagulation versus risks of major bleeding, patients meeting two or more of the dose-reduction criteria (age ≥80 years, weight ≤60 kg, and/or creatinine ≥ 1.

Obesity and the cerebral cortex: Underlying neurobiology in mice and humans.

Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive atrophy of the cerebral cortex. The neurobiology of obesity contributions to AD is poorly understood. Here we show with in vivo MRI that diet-induced obesity decreases cortical volume in mice, and that higher body adiposity associates with lower cortical volume in humans.