SPIN-4/Spinster supports sperm activation in C. elegans via sphingosine-1-phosphate transport.

Spermiogenesis, a sperm-activation step, is crucial for the transformation of immotile spermatids into motile sperm. Though membrane transport of ions and molecules across the sperm plasma membrane has been implicated in this process, the full repertoire of transporters involved, and their respective substrates, is unclear. Here, we report that the major facilitator superfamily transporter SPIN-4/Spinster governs efficient spermiogenesis and fertility in the hermaphrodite nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Two Stem Cell Populations Including VSELs and CSCs Detected in the Pericardium of Adult Mouse Heart.

Adult mammalian heart is considered to be one of the least regenerative organs as it is not able to initiate endogenous regeneration in response to injury unlike in lower vertebrates and neonatal mammals. Evidence is now accumulating to suggest normal renewal and replacement of cardiomyocytes occurs even in middle-aged and old individuals. But underlying mechanisms leading to this are not yet clear.

Exploring Probiotic Activity of Lactobacillus sp. Isolated from Indigenous Breeds of Cattle Milk and Fecal Samples in Bhatan Village, MH., IN.

Probiotics are defined as live organisms that are able to confer health benefits to the host by improving their intestinal microbial balance. In the last decade, there has been an increasing interest to reveal health benefits associated with them. The objective of this study was to isolate indigenous probiotic organisms and assess their probiotic activity and therapeutic characteristics.