Confounding factors in the tear break-up time test. Influence of sequential measurements.

Clinical Relevance: The tear break-up time (BUT) test is important in diagnosing and monitoring tear film stability, and understanding potential changes in tear film dynamics during repeated measurements could improve the accuracy and reliability of the test in clinical practice.

Background: The study aimed to examine the changes in BUT value caused by subsequent measurements made in BUT test.

Methods: A total of 120 female participants were divided into groups (30 individuals each).

The Role of Systemic Inflammation in Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the influence of systemic inflammation on adult patients with acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (ANLDO).

Methods: Peripheral venous blood analysis was performed on adult patients who underwent dacryocystorhinostomy for ANLDO between June 2020 and December 2022, during their remission period just before the surgery. Platelet, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, White Blood Cell (WBC) count, Platelet/Lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Monocyte/Lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic inflammatory index (SII) (calculated as platelet × (neutrophil/lymphocyte)) were compared with a volunteer control group.

A New Approach: Determination of the Safe Surgical Margin in Pterygium Surgery.

Purpose: In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine the safe surgical limit for excision of pterygium tissue. Therefore, we aimed to prevent excessive or incomplete normal conjunctival tissue excision during surgery in the coming years.

Methods: Autografted pterygium surgery was performed between January 2015 and April 2016, and the excised pterygium tissue was examined histopathologically.

Changes caused by fluorescein in the tear film evaluated with hybrid break-up time test as a new method - Part Two: Its effect on breakup locations and other quantitative values.

Objectives: To examine the changes caused by fluorescein in the tear film by analyzing the qualitative parameters such as breakup location and also detailed quantitative parameters.

Methods: After determining the break-up time (BUT) value and breakup locations by the Non-invasive break-up time (NI-BUT) method, we re-evaluated the changes in the tear film stained with fluorescein using the topographical method. We called the topographic evaluation of the tear film stained with fluorescein as the Hybrid-BUT test.

Evaluation of the Effect of İnfection and İmmunity on the Tear Film by Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topography- A Case Control Study.

Purpose: We aimed to compare the tear film stability of individuals who had recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID-19), that of individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 and that of healthy individuals in a control group.

Methods: This study included 61 eyes of 61 post-COVID-19 patients, 63 eyes of 63 participants who had received at least two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine, and 57 eyes of healthy individuals in a control group. We compared the groups' tear film stability.

Changes caused by fluorescein in tear film by hybrid break-up time test- part one; on quantitative values.

Purpose: To examine the effect of fluorescein on the tear film by measuring tear break-up time (BUT).

Methods: In this prospective study, after determining the natural BUT value of the tear with the non-invasive break-up time (NI-BUT) method, we re-evaluated the changes in the tear film stained with fluorescein using the topographical method. The topographic evaluation of tears stained with fluorescein was called as Hybrid-BUT (H-BUT) test.

Cilioretinal artery: Vasculogenesis might be promoted by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 5G allele.

Background: Cilioretinal arteries (CAs) represent enlargements of microscopic and early established collaterals formed via vasculogenesis between choroidal and retinal circulations. We aimed to investigate whether genetic tendency to thrombosis due to well-known gene polymorphisms may induce CA vasculogenesis in embryonic life.

Methods: We assessed plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G, methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR), FACTOR V LEIDEN and PROTHROMBIN gene polymorphisms on 130 patients [82/48 females/males; Median age: 57 (18-84) with visible CAs and 100 (64/36: female/male; Median age: 55 (19-90)] without visible CAs.

An easy and practical method for toric intraocular lens implantation: marking corneal astigmatic axis at slit-lamp.

The objective of this study was to present a practical method of marking the corneal astigmatic axis for the patient sitting at the slit-lamp before toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Eighteen eyes of 18 patients, who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification, with an implantation of Acrysof toric IOL were included. We marked the astigmatic axis while the patient sitting at the slit-lamp before surgery.

Ocular surface findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under methotrexate or biological agent therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate (MTX) or MTX with biological agents.

Methods: One hundred and twelve eyes of 56 patients with RA and treated with MTX or MTX with biological agents were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups using DMARDs only (group 1) and patients using DMARDs and biologic agents together (group 2).

Slanted medial rectus recession is effective in the treatment of convergence excess esotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of slanted medial rectus recession in patients diagnosed as having convergence excess esotropia.

Methods: Bilateral slanted recession of medial rectus muscles was performed in 16 patients with convergence excess esotropia. The lower margins of medial rectus muscles were recessed 1 to 2 mm more than the upper margins.

Medium-term outcomes of three horizontal muscle surgery in large-angle infantile esotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the medium-term motor outcomes of three horizontal muscle surgery in patients with large-angle infantile esotropia.

Methods: The charts of 18 patients with large-angle (> 55 prism diopters [PD]) infantile esotropia who underwent bilateral medial rectus muscle recession and one lateral rectus muscle resection were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative deviations at last examination, overcorrections and undercorrections, necessity of additional horizontal surgery, and follow-up durations were recorded.