Clozapine treatment and astrocyte activity in treatment resistant schizophrenia: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Clozapine is the only antipsychotic approved for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), characterized by persistent positive symptoms despite adequate antipsychotic treatment. Unfortunately, clozapine demonstrates clinical efficacy in only ~30-60 % of patients with TRS (clozapine-responders; ClzR+), while the remaining ~40-70 % are left with no pharmacological recourse for improvement (clozapine-resistant; ClzR-). Mechanism(s) underlying clozapine's superior efficacy remain unclear.

The effect of second-generation antipsychotics on anxiety/depression in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Despite the high prevalence of anxiety in schizophrenia, no established guideline exists for the management of these symptoms. We aimed to synthesize evidence on the effect of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) on anxiety in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane library to identify randomized controlled trials of SGAs that reporting anxiety measures in schizophrenia.

Evaluation of the Glymphatic System in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measurement of Brain Macromolecule and Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis Along the Perivascular Space Index.

Background And Hypothesis: The glymphatic system (GS), a brain waste clearance pathway, is disrupted in various neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. As schizophrenia shares clinical characteristics with these conditions, we hypothesized GS disruptions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZ-SD), reflected in increased brain macromolecule (MM) and decreased diffusion-tensor-image-analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index.

Study Design: Forty-seven healthy controls (HCs) and 103 patients with SCZ-SD were studied.

Cortical thinning in relation to impaired insight into illness in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia.

Impaired insight into illness is a common element of schizophrenia that contributes to treatment nonadherence and negative clinical outcomes. Previous studies suggest that impaired insight may arise from brain abnormalities. However, interpretations of these findings are limited due to small sample sizes and inclusion of patients with a narrow range of illness severity and insight deficits.

A measure of subjective substance use disorder awareness - Substance Use Awareness and Insight Scale (SAS).

Introduction: Impaired illness awareness or inability to recognize that one has a substance use disorder can be a barrier to treatment seeking and rehabilitation. A validated scale is needed to better understand the clinical impact of impaired substance use disorder awareness. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Substance Use Awareness and Insight Scale (SAS), a novel scale to assess impaired illness awareness in individuals with substance use disorder.

A Measure of Illness Awareness in Individuals With Nicotine Dependence-Nicotine Use Awareness and Insight Scale.

Introduction: Impaired illness awareness or the inability to recognize that one has a dependence on nicotine may be a major barrier to seeking cessation treatment. To better understand the role of impaired illness awareness on treatment-seeking behavior and clinical outcomes, we developed and examined the psychometric properties of a novel scale measuring illness awareness in individuals with dependence on nicotine.

Aims And Methods: We developed the Nicotine Use Awareness and Insight Scale (NAS), a 7-item self-report measure to assess the theoretical construct of illness awareness in individuals with dependence on nicotine (www.