Clear-cell differentiation and lymphatic invasion, but not the revised TNM classification, predict lymph node metastases in pT1 penile cancer: a clinicopathologic study of 76 patients from a low incidence area.

Objective: Prediction of lymph node (LN) metastases in penile invasive cancer relies on clinical features and histologic characteristics of the primary tumor. Correct prediction, however, is difficult, as only 50% patients undergoing lymphadenectomies will have LN metastases. In 2009, the tumor, nodes, metastases (TNM) classification for staging of early penile cancers was revised.

Penile carcinogenesis in a low-incidence area: a clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of 115 invasive carcinomas with special emphasis on chronic inflammatory skin diseases.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections account worldwide for 50% of penile cancers. The role of lichen sclerosus and lichen planus in penile carcinogenesis needs further investigation.

Materials And Methods: Archival formalin-fixed high-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasias, differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasias, and invasive carcinomas from a single pathology institution in a low-incidence area for penile cancer were analyzed for 28 HPV low-risk and HPV high-risk genotypes, p16 overexpression, presence of peritumoral lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, precursor lesions, and monoclonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor γ locus.