MGST1 facilitates novel KRAS inhibitor resistance in KRAS-mutated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by inhibiting ferroptosis.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate. Treatment options for PDAC patients are limited. Recent studies have shown promising results with MRTX1133, a KRAS inhibitor that demonstrated potent antitumor activity in various types of tumors with KRAS mutation.

Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview.

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is termed as the small numbers of remnant tumor cells in a subset of patients with tumors. Liquid biopsy is increasingly used for the detection of MRD, illustrating the potential of MRD detection to provide more accurate management for cancer patients. As new techniques and algorithms have enhanced the performance of MRD detection, the approach is becoming more widely and routinely used to predict the prognosis and monitor the relapse of cancer patients.

GDF15 negatively regulates chemosensitivity via TGFBR2-AKT pathway-dependent metabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Treating patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is challenging due to the high chemoresistance. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is crucial in the development of various types of tumors and negatively related to the prognosis of ESCC patients according to our previous research. In this study, the link between GDF15 and chemotherapy resistance in ESCC was further explored.

Interferometric laser imaging for droplet-size measurement in spray.

An upgraded droplet-size measurement method, based on laser interference particle imaging (IPI) technology, is applied to accomplish high-precision measurement of particle size and spatial distribution of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the atomization field. In this study, an improved morphological-Hough transform interference fringe location algorithm is applied to IPI measurement. The particle size of the standard particle field with a diameter of 24 µm is measured by the upgraded IPI measurement experimentally, whose absolute error and relative error are 0.

FDX1 can Impact the Prognosis and Mediate the Metabolism of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Lung cancer has emerged as one of the most common cancers in recent years. The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is closely connected with metabolic pathways and inflammatory response. However, the influence of ETC-associated genes on the tumor immune response and the pathogenesis of lung cancer is not clear and needs further exploration.

AHR mediates the aflatoxin B1 toxicity associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aflatoxin exposure is a crucial factor in promoting the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals infected with the hepatitis virus. However, the molecular pathways leading to its bioactivation and subsequent toxicity in hepatocytes have not been well-defined. Here, we carried out a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen to identify aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) targets.

An m6A-Related Prognostic Biomarker Associated With the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Microenvironment.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is related to the progression of multiple cancers. However, the underlying influences of m6A-associated genes on the tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly understood. Therefore, we sought to construct a survival prediction model using m6A-associated genes to clarify the molecular and immune characteristics of HCC.

Focus calibration method based on the illumination beam scanning angle modulation in a grating alignment system.

A focus calibration method is developed to determine the focus position of a grating alignment system. An illumination beam scanning module is utilized to generate a circular motion for the beam, which forms an angular modulation interference image on the reference mark. A theoretical model is presented to determine the focus by determining the alignment grating z-position, at which the alignment offset is independent of the incident beam tilt.

A CRISPR knockout negative screen reveals synergy between CDKs inhibitor and metformin in the treatment of human cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Laboratory research and pharmacoepidemiology provide support for metformin as a potential antitumor agent. However, the lack of a clear understanding of the indications of metformin limits its efficacy. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout negative screen to identify potential targets that might synergize with metformin.

Methylation silencing of TGF-β receptor type II is involved in malignant transformation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Although massive studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanisms of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) carcinogenesis, the understanding of molecular alterations during the malignant transformation of epithelial dysplasia is still lacking, especially regarding epigenetic changes.

Results: To better characterize the methylation changes during the malignant transformation of epithelial dysplasia, a whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis was performed on a series of tumor, dysplastic, and non-neoplastic epithelial tissue samples from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Promoter hypermethylation in TGF-β receptor type II (TGFBR2), an important mediator of TGF-β signaling, was identified.