Elucidating the co-metabolism mechanism of 4-chlorophenol and 4-chloroaniline degradation by Rhodococcus through genomics and transcriptomics.

Co-metabolism is an effective strategy for the removal of refractory pollutants during biodegradation. This study reports that Rhodococcus DCB-5 can utilize 4-chlorophenol as a growth substrate to initiate the co-metabolic degradation of 4-chloroaniline. Comprehensive analyses of the genome, transcriptome, enzymes, and intermediate products identified key genes and a putative co-metabolic degradation pathway involved in the degradation process by Rhodococcus.

Effects of high stocking density on the growth performance, intestinal health and bile salts composition of broiler chickens.

Introduction: The intestinal dysfunction plays an important role in the decreased growth performance of broiler chickens under high stocking density. Gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining intestinal health. However, the modulation pathway of gut microbiota by regulating the intestinal barrier and histomorphology remains unknown.

Association between waist-to-hip ratio and testosterone in Chinese men with young-onset type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Low testosterone levels is associated with higher cardiovascular risk in men with diabetes. However, there are few studies on testosterone levels and the factors affecting them in patients with young-onset diabetes (YOD). The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and testosterone levels in men diagnosed with YOD.

[Mechanism analysis of platelet activation induced by V. vulnificus hemolysin].

Objective To evaluate whether Vibrio vulnificus secreted exotoxin-hemolysin (VVH) can activate platelet, an important blood immune cell, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of platelet activation by VVH. Methods Transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze whether Vibrio vulnificus infection caused platelet activation in mice. Then, flow cytometry was used to identify whether VVH was the main stimulator of platelet activation.

Engineered Polymeric Microspheres with Synergistic Hydrogen-Bonding Nanotraps and Multisite Adsorption for Ultrafast Herbicide Decontamination.

The ultrafast removal of trace herbicides like paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) from water is urgent yet challenging due to their highwater stability and strong-binding properties. Here, efficient PQ and DQ removal based on hydrogen-bonding nanotraps dominant multisite adsorption were developed. Two crosslinked polymeric microspheres, βCD-PF and γCD-PF, were synthesized from cyclodextrins (CDs) and hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene (HFP).

Depolymerization of oyster glycosaminoglycans for the enhancement of α-glucosidase inhibition and its application in hypoglycemic studies.

Glycosaminoglycans are a class of naturally occurring macromolecular heteropolysaccharides with α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, which play an essential role in regulating postprandial hyperglycemia. However, the significant molecular weight hinders their inhibitory activity. In this study, oyster glycosaminoglycans were used for purification and depolymerization studies to obtain oyster glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides (OGAG-Oli) and to study their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase in vitro and hypoglycemic effect on hyperglycemic zebrafish in vivo.

Potential role for kynurenine pathway in increased COVID-19 mortality of patients with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder that has complex pathological mechanisms. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, patients with SCZ had substantially higher rates of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as well as higher COVID-19 mortality relative to patients without mental disorders. Previous studies suggested that COVID-19 and SCZ both involve the kynurenine metabolic pathway.

Multifunctional dopamine-modified conjugated polymer nanoparticles for ultrasensitive immunoassays.

The development of simple and ultrasensitive immunoassays is critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The efficient integration of amplification strategies with highly sensitive detection probes plays a key role in boosting the ultrasensitive immunoassays. In this paper, we report a multifunctional and integrated dopamine-modified conjugated polymer nanoparticle (DA-CPN) probe prepared by a one-step nanoprecipitation method for ultrasensitive immunoassay.

Primary metabolomics and transcriptomic techniques were used to explore the regulatory mechanisms that may influence the flavor characteristics of fresh × .

To explore the flavor related regulatory mechanisms of fresh × , a joint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome were utilized to compare the two typical × varieties with different flavors ('yuzhui' and 'pingou21') in this paper. The results showed that the genes including , , , , , , , , , were identified as responsible for regulating the levels of stachyose, manninotriose and raffinose in hazelnuts. CS and OGDH were deemed as the genes involved in the citric acid cycle, which was a central metabolic pathway that generated energy through the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in hazelnuts.

Effects of proteolysis pretreatment on the formation, structural changes and emulsifying properties of rice glutelin amyloid-like fibrils.

Enzymatic hydrolysis prior to fibrillation can improve the formation capacity of food protein fibrils, which further affects their functional properties. In this study, the effects of proteolysis pretreatment with trypsin on the formation, structural changes and emulsifying properties of rice glutelin (RG) fibrils were investigated. The results showed that the formation of protein fibrils was confirmed by Thioflavin T fluorescence spectra, and the fibril formation capacity was enhanced by trypsin proteolysis pretreatment.

Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Responses of Cucumber Trichome Density to Silver Nitrate and Sodium Thiosulfate Application.

Cucumber ( L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide and is valued for its nutritional, economic, and ecological benefits. The regulation of defense mechanisms against herbivores, along with osmotic loss and environmental regulation, is greatly affected by trichomes in cucumbers.

The distribution of D4Z4 repeats in China and direct prenatal diagnosis of FSHD by optical genome mapping.

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the second most common form of muscular dystrophy, which is characterized by a reduction in the number of D4Z4 repeats on chromosome 4q35. Prenatal diagnosis of FSHD has been challenging due to the large quantity and high-quality DNA required for Southern blot (SB) analysis. Optical genome mapping (OGM) technology has shown promise in identifying repeat contraction disorders and presents a potential tool for the prenatal diagnosis of FSHD.

pH-Activatable NIR Hemicyanine for Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Phototheranostics.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has garnered significant attention for cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, reduced drug resistance, and spatiotemporal controllability. However, traditional photosensitizers (PSs) face limitations such as severe systemic phototoxicity and shallow tissue penetration, which hinder the widespread clinical application of PDT. Capitalizing on the strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption and ease of structural modification of hemicyanine, we have designed a pH-activatable NIR hemicyanine PS (LET-15).

Direct α-C-H alkylation of alcohols photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer.

A general approach for the α-C-H alkylation of alcohols has been established, offering access to highly functionalized alcohols visible light irradiation with TBAP as a co-catalyst. The methodology exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and a wide substrate scope. Its practicality is underscored by successful gram-scale synthesis and a sunlight-driven reaction demonstration.

Role of cognitive impairment in predicting the long-term risk of all-cause mortality: a 20-year prospective cohort study in China.

Background: There is limited evidence of the relationship between cognitive changes and all-cause mortality. And it has no report of population-attributable fraction (PAF) of mortality due to cognitive impairment in Chinese elderly. In light of this, we comprehensively examined the relationship between cognitive impairment and all-cause mortality after 20-year follow-up among the elderly Chinese.

Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and hormone metabolome elucidates the regulatory mechanisms governing walnut bud germination.

The walnut (Juglans regia) is an important oilseed tree species characterized by its extensive distribution, high oil yield, and nutrient-dense kernels, which provide substantial economic benefits. However, the rising incidence of late-spring frosts, exacerbated by global climate change, has adversely affected walnut yields. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in bud dormancy, germination, and development is essential for developing strategies to mitigate the effects of late-spring frosts and for breeding frost-resistant cultivars.

The Role of the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Autoimmune Diseases and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Literature Review.

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) is a pattern recognition receptor that connects innate and adaptive immunity and participates in inflammatory responses play a key role in common autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by participating in antigen recognition, immune cell activation, and inflammatory factor release. Due to the multi-component and multi-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the role of TCM active ingredients acting on TLRs has been widely studied. This article describes the relationship between TLR and four autoimmune diseases, as well as a review of the efficacy of TLR intervention by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.

Optical genome mapping to decipher the chromosomal aberrations in families seeking for preconception genetic counseling.

Optical genome mapping (OGM) offers high consistency in simultaneously detecting structural and copy number variants. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and potential applications of OGM in preconception genetic counseling. Herein, 74 samples from 37 families were included, and their results of OGM were compared to conventional methods, namely karyotyping (KT) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), which identified 27 variants across 16 positive families.

Therapeutic Potential of Vanillic Acid in Ulcerative Colitis Through Microbiota and Macrophage Modulation.

This study investigated the protective effects of the dietary polyphenol vanillic acid (VA) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, focusing on its impact on the gut microbiota and inflammatory responses. VA was supplemented following dextran sulfate sodium administration, and key indicators, including body weight, disease activity index, colon length, spleen index, and inflammatory markers, were assessed. VA supplementation significantly alleviated UC symptoms, preserved intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.

The current research status of the mechanisms and treatment of radioactive brain injury.

Radioactive brain injury, a severe complication ensuing from radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies, frequently manifests as cognitive impairment and substantially diminishes patients' quality of life. Despite its profound impact, the pathogenesis of this condition remains inadequately elucidated, and efficacious treatments are notably absent in clinical practice. Consequently, contemporary interventions predominantly focus on symptom alleviation rather than achieving a radical cure or reversing the injury process.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Novel Potent Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors for Combating Drug-Resistant Gram-Positive and -Negative Bacteria.

The prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria is a major challenge throughout the world, especially with respect to Gram-negative bacteria, such as drug-resistant , which are regarded as the greatest bacterial threat to human health by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this work, 1,3,4-thiadiazole was introduced into the main skeleton of the classical peptidomimetic peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitor in pursuit of highly efficient and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic drugs. Upon detailed structure-activity relationship study, PDF inhibitors that possess satisfactory activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as a lower potential for methemoglobin toxicity were screened out.

HM-P2 influences gestational gut microbiome and microbial metabolism.

Introduction: Human milk-derived probiotics are beneficial bacteria that provide gestational health benefits, for both pregnant women and their offspring. The study aims to investigate whether the administration of human milk-derived probiotic HM-P2 could effectively influence gestational health.

Methods: The gestational humanized microbiome model was built by fecal microbiome transplant from gestational women into germ-free (GF) mice.

PFOA substitute GenX at a sub-cytotoxic level exhibits thyroid-disrupting effects by inhibiting the expression of thyroid transcription factor 1.

While the occurrence of GenX, a novel alternative for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), in the environment and its cytotoxicity at high concentrations to thyroid cells are well documented, limited information is available regarding its impact at low concentrations. GenX is detected to be as low as 0.001 ng/mL in drinking water and 0.

A Comprehensive Review on Iron-Based Sulfate Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are advantageous for large-scale energy storage due to the plentiful and ubiquitous nature of sodium resources, coupled with their lower cost relative to alternative technologies. To expedite the market adoption of SIBs, enhancing the energy density of SIBs is essential. Raising the operational voltage of the SIBs cathode is regarded as an effective strategy for achieving this goal, but it requires stable high-voltage cathode materials.