Enhancing anthocyanin extraction efficiency in vegetables and fruits: a high-speed shear homogenization technology.

Background: To extract anthocyanins with high efficiency, a hypothesis for high-speed shear homogenization extraction (HSHE) method was established through a combination of solvent and ultrasonic-assisted extractions. The efficacy of this hypothesis was demonstrated by performing qualitative and quantitative analyses of 16 anthocyanins extracted from five northern vegetables, and five berry fruits using ultra-high-performance Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. Single-factor experiments were conducted by varying ethanol concentration, temperature, pH and extraction cycles to determine the optimal conditions for this method.

Reducing cherry rain-cracking: Enhanced wetting and barrier properties of chitosan hydrochloride-based coating with dual nanoparticles.

The synergistic effects of phosphorylated zein nanoparticles (PZNP) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in enhancing the wetting and barrier properties of chitosan hydrochloride (CHC)-based coating are investigated characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy and by investigating the mechanical properties, etc., with the aim of reducing cherry rain cracking. FTIR and XRD showed dual nanoparticles successfully implanted into CHC, CHC-PZNP-CNC combined moderate ductility (elongation at break: 7.

Construction and characterization of Zn-WPH-COS complex nanoparticles with improved zinc bioavailability.

Precipitation was an important obstacle to improving zinc's bioavailability. Therefore, zinc-whey protein hydrolysate-chitosan oligosaccharide (Zn-WPH-COS) complexes (167 nm) were prepared by linking Zn-WPH (zinc: 18.4%) with COS (1:1, 2 h) to enhance zinc's bioaccessibility.

Influence of environmental pH on the interaction properties of WP-EGCG non-covalent nanocomplexes.

Background: Whey protein-epigallocatechin gallate (WP-EGCG) covalent conjugates and non-covalent nanocomplexes were prepared and compared using Fourier-transform infrared spectra. The effect of pH (at 2.6, 6.

Temporal and spatial variation of microplastics in Baotou section of Yellow River, China.

Freshwater rivers play the key role in providing drinking water sources and building the bridge of oceans and lands. Hence, environmental pollutants can be transferred into drinking water through a water treatment process and transported land-based microplastics into the ocean. Microplastics are considered a new pollutant that is becoming a threat to freshwater ecosystems.

The developmental toxicity and transcriptome analyses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to carbon nanoparticles.

Long-term and short-term exposure to carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) can affect fetal development and subsequent adverse outcomes including preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, increased health risk linked to cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems in adulthood. The adverse developmental outcomes of CNPs were well known, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with CNPs of 50,100,200 μg/mL and the toxic effects were observed.

[A hypothetical gene pair, ssl2138 and sll11092, constitutes a functional TA system on the chromosome of Synechocystis PCC 6803].

Objective: We characterized the hypothetical gene pair ssl2138 and sll1092 that constitute a vapBC-family toxin-antitoxin (TA) system on the chromosome of Synechocystis PCC 6803.

Methods: An RT-PCR analysis was conducted to confirm the co-transcription of this gene pair, a selection-expression system was constructed to demonstrate the effect of their encoded proteins on E. coli growth.

Role of the all1549 (ana-rsh) gene, a relA/spoT homolog, of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120.

The role of a single relA/spoT homolog all1549 (designated hereafter as ana-rsh) of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 was investigated. The complementation test in Escherichia coli showed that the protein encoded by ana-rsh possesses guanosine tetraphosphate (p)ppGpp-synthase/hydrolase activity.