Predicting grade II-IV bone marrow suppression in patients with cervical cancer based on radiomics and dosiomics.

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a machine learning model integrating clinical characteristics with radiomics and dosiomics data, aiming to assess their predictive utility in anticipating grade 2 or higher BMS occurrences in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data, planning CT images, and radiotherapy planning documents of 106 cervical cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy at our hospital. The patients were randomly divided into training set and test set in an 8:2 ratio.

Efficient production of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol via combination optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22(R)-HCHO) is a crucial precursor of steroids biosynthesis with various biological functions. However, the production of 22(R)-HCHO is expensive and unsustainable due to chemical synthesis and extraction from plants or animals. This study aimed to construct a microbial cell factory to efficiently produce 22(R)-HCHO through systems metabolic engineering.

Application of multiple strategies to enhance oleanolic acid biosynthesis by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Oleanolic acid and its derivatives are widely used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetic and food industries. Previous studies have shown that oleanolic acid production levels in engineered cell factories are low, which is why oleanolic acid is still widely extracted from traditional medicinal plants. To construct a highly efficient oleanolic acid production strain, rate-limiting steps were regulated by inducible promoters and the expression of key genes in the oleanolic acid synthetic pathway was enhanced.

Isotoxic dose escalated radiotherapy for glioblastoma based on diffusion-weighted MRI and tumor control probability-an in-silico study.

Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with local recurrence after radiotherapy (RT), the most common mode of failure. Standard RT practice applies the prescription dose uniformly across tumor volume disregarding radiological tumor heterogeneity. We present a novel strategy using diffusion-weighted (DW-) MRI to calculate the cellular density within the gross tumor volume (GTV) in order to facilitate dose escalation to a biological target volume (BTV) to improve tumor control probability (TCP).

Pre-treatment analysis of non-rigid variations can assist robust intensity-modulated proton therapy plan selection for head and neck patients.

Purpose: To incorporate small non-rigid variations of head and neck patients into the robust evaluation of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for the selection of robust treatment plans.

Methods: A cohort of 20 nasopharynx cancer patients with weekly kilovoltage CT (kVCT) and 15 oropharynx cancer patients with weekly cone-beam CT (CBCT) were retrospectively included. Anatomical variations between week 0/week 1 of treatment were acquired using deformable image registration (DIR) for all 35 patients and then applied to the planning CT of four patients who have kVCT scanned each week to simulate potential small non-rigid variations (sNRVs).

Proteomic Response of Spores under High Pressure Combined with Moderate Temperature and Random Peptide Mixture LK Treatment.

In this study, a method of spore inactivation under high pressure (P, 200 MPa) combined with moderate temperature (T, 80 °C) and the addition of antimicrobial peptide LK (10 μg/mL) was investigated. Spores presented cortex hydrolysis and inner membrane (IM) damage with an 8.16 log reduction in response to treatment with PT-LK, as observed by phase-contrast and inverted fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis.

[Oxidosqualene cyclases in triterpenoids biosynthesis: a review].

Triterpenoids are one of the most diverse compounds in plant metabolites, and they have a wide variety of physiological activities and are of important economic value. Oxidosqualene cyclases catalyze the cyclization of 2, 3-oxidosqualene to generate different types of sterols and plant triterpenoids, which is of great significance to the structural diversity of natural products. However, the mechanism of the diversified cyclization of 2, 3-oxidosqualene catalyzed by oxidosqualene cyclases remains unclear.

Medical Imaging Biomarker Discovery and Integration Towards AI-Based Personalized Radiotherapy.

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been used for high-accurate physical dose distribution sculpture and employed to modulate different dose levels into Gross Tumor Volume (GTV), Clinical Target Volume (CTV) and Planning Target Volume (PTV). GTV, CTV and PTV can be prescribed at different dose levels, however, there is an emphasis that their dose distributions need to be uniform, despite the fact that most types of tumour are heterogeneous. With traditional radiomics and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, we can identify biological target volume from functional images against conventional GTV derived from anatomical imaging.

Separation and purification of plant terpenoids from biotransformation.

The production of plant terpenoids through biotransformation has undoubtedly become one of the research hotspots, and the continuous upgrading of the corresponding downstream technology is also particularly important. Downstream technology is the indispensable technical channel for the industrialization of plant terpenoids. How to efficiently separate high-purity products from complex microbial fermentation broths or enzyme-catalyzed reactions to achieve high separation rates, high returns and environmental friendliness has become the focus of research in recent years.

Sustainable production of FAEE biodiesel using the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.

Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are fatty acid-derived molecules and serve as an important form of biodiesel. The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is considered an ideal host platform for the production of fatty acid-derived products due to its excellent lipid accumulation capacity. In this proof-of-principle study, several metabolic engineering strategies were applied for the overproduction of FAEE biodiesel in Y.

Engineering the oleaginous yeast to produce limonene from waste cooking oil.

Background: Limonene is an important biologically active natural product widely used in the food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. However, the low abundance of limonene in plants renders their isolation from plant sources non-economically viable. Therefore, engineering microbes into microbial factories for producing limonene is fast becoming an attractive alternative approach that can overcome the aforementioned bottleneck to meet the needs of industries and make limonene production more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

An oleaginous yeast platform for renewable 1-butanol synthesis based on a heterologous CoA-dependent pathway and an endogenous pathway.

Background: Microbial biofuel production provides a promising sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. 1-Butanol is recognized as an advanced biofuel and is gaining attention as an ideal green replacement for gasoline. In this proof-of-principle study, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was first engineered with a heterologous CoA-dependent pathway and an endogenous pathway, respectively.

[Advances in metabolic engineering for the microbial production of naturally occurring terpenes-limonene and bisabolene: a mini review].

Limonene (C₁₀H₁₆) and bisabolene (C₁₅H₂₄) are both naturally occurring terpenes in plants. Depending on the number of C₅ units, limonene and bisabolene are recognized as representative monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. Limonene and bisabolene are important pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products used in the prevention and treatment of cancer and many other diseases.

Photogenerated carriers transfer in dye-graphene-SnO2 composites for highly efficient visible-light photocatalysis.

The visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities of graphene-semiconductor catalysts have recently been demonstrated, however, the transfer pathway of photogenerated carriers especially where the role of graphene still remains controversial. Here we report graphene-SnO2 aerosol nanocomposites that exhibit more superior dye adsorption capacity and photocatalytic efficiency compared with pure SnO2 quantum dots, P25 TiO2, and pure graphene aerosol under the visible light. This study examines the origin of the visible-light-driven photocatalysis, which for the first time links to the synergistic effect of the cophotosensitization of the dye and graphene to SnO2.