Comparison of Remote Electrical Neuromodulation and Standard-Care Medications for Acute Treatment of Migraine in Adolescents: A Post Hoc Analysis.

Objective: There is an unmet need for new, efficacious, well-tolerated, acute treatments for migraine in adolescents. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a novel, nonpharmacological treatment that provides significant symptom relief with good tolerability. The current post hoc analysis compared the efficacy of REN to that of standard-care medications for the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents.

Remote electrical neuromodulation for acute treatment of migraine in adolescents.

Objectives: Migraine is a common disabling neurological disorder. Current acute treatments for migraine in adolescents are mostly pharmacological and may have limited effectiveness, can cause side effects, and may lead to medication overuse. There is an unmet need for effective and well-tolerated treatments.

Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) in the acute treatment of migraine: a comparison with usual care and acute migraine medications.

Background: There is a significant unmet need for new, effective and well tolerated acute migraine treatments. A recent study has demonstrated that a novel remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) treatment provides superior clinically meaningful pain relief with a low rate of device-related adverse events. The results reported herein compare the efficacy of REN with current standard of care in the acute treatments of migraine.

Translation regulation of Runx3.

Runx3 protein products that are translated from the distal (P1)- and proximal (P2)-promoter transcripts appear on Western blots as a 47-46kDa doublet corresponding to full-length proteins bearing the P1- and P2-N-termini respectively. An additional 44kDa protein band, the origin and nature of which was unclear, is also detected. Transfection of full-length Runx3 cDNA bearing the P2 N-terminus (P2-cDNA) into HEK293 cells resulted in expression of both 46 and 44kDa proteins.

Transferrin receptor co-localizes and interacts with the hemochromatosis factor (HFE) and the divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) in trophoblast cells.

Iron uptake and storage are tightly regulated to guarantee sufficient iron for essential cellular processes and to prevent the production of damaging free radicals. The placenta is the entry site for iron, which is delivered to the developing embryo. Iron is taken up by syncytiotrophoblast cells and is transported unidirectionally from mother to fetus against a concentration gradient.