Improving Male Chin and Mandible Eesthetics.

The size and shape of the chin and mandible are fundamental to sexual dimorphism. Deficiencies in these structures distract from the male facial esthetic. When deficient, these areas of the facial skeleton can be augmented by alloplastic augmentation or skeletal rearrangement.

Role of the Pedicled Mentalis Muscle Flap in Closure of Chin Implants in Genioplasty.

With the purpose of obtaining an aesthetically pleasing chin appearance, genioplasty or chin augmentation can be performed through osteotomy or chin implantation, with the latter available in different sizes and materials such as silicone and porous polyethylene. The implants are traditionally placed in a subperiosteal or supraperiosteal plane with different advantages and disadvantages to each. This procedure has evolved through time with many techniques and modifications; and this article is an addition to this ongoing refinement by advocating for closure of the mentalis muscle (a paired chin muscle originating from the incisor fossa to the chin skin) over the implant after securing its position with screws (in the case of porous polyethylene) or creating a snug pocket (in the case of silicone).

Changing Mandible Contour Using Computer Designed/Computer Manufactured Alloplastic Implants.

Background: The shape of the mandible is the fundamental determinant of the appearance and sexual dimorphism of the lower one-third of the face. Utilization of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) alloplastic implants provides unparalleled planning and sophistication in the correction of skeletal deficiencies, irregularities, and asymmetry.

Objectives: This study presented the rationale, indications, techniques, and results of the senior author's (M.

Pioneers in Modern Craniofacial Surgery: Assessing the Academic Impact of Drs. Joseph Gruss and Paul Manson.

Background: The authors conducted this study to assess the impact that Drs. Joseph Gruss and Paul Manson have had on craniofacial surgery through their individual contributions and through their trainees.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of fellows trained by either Dr.

Refining Post-Orthognathic Surgery Facial Contour with Computer-Designed/Computer-Manufactured Alloplastic Implants.

Background: Le Fort I maxillary osteotomies and sagittal split mandibular osteotomies are performed to correct significant dentofacial deformities. The multidimensional skeletal movements, particularly those of large magnitude, may result in contour irregularities and facial imbalances.

Methods: Three-dimensional images were reconstructed from computed tomographic scans in patients unhappy with their appearances after Le Fort I advancement and/or bilateral sagittal split osteotomies.

Pyriform Aperture Augmentation as An Adjunct to Rhinoplasty.

Skeletal deficiency in the central midface impacts nasal aesthetics. This lack of lower face projection can be corrected by alloplastic augmentation of the pyriform aperture. Creating convexity in the deficient midface will make the nose seem less prominent.

Lifetime Costs of Prophylactic Mastectomies and Reconstruction versus Surveillance.

Background: The past decade has seen an increasing prevalence of prophylactic mastectomy with decreasing ages of patients treated for breast cancer. Data are limited on the fiscal impacts of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy trends, and no study has compared bilateral prophylactic mastectomy with reconstruction to surveillance in high-risk patients.

Methods: Lifetime third-party payer costs over 30 years were estimated with 2013 Medicare reimbursement rates.

Occult Histopathology and Its Predictors in Contralateral and Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomies.

Background: The last decade has seen an increasing prevalence of prophylactic mastectomies with decreasing age of patients treated for breast cancer. Data are limited on the prevalence of histopathologic abnormalities in this population. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of histopathologic findings in contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) and bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) patients and identify predictors of findings.

Are Quantitative Measures of Academic Productivity Correlated with Academic Rank in Plastic Surgery? A National Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between quantitative measures of academic productivity and academic rank among full-time academic plastic surgeons.

Methods: Bibliometric indices were computed for all full-time academic plastic surgeons in the United States. The primary study variable was academic rank.

Surgical anatomy relevant to the transpalpebral subperiosteal elevation of the midface.

Background: The surgical anatomy of the midface relevant to its subperiosteal elevation and repositioning is assessed.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to give more details on the anatomy relevant to the midface lift.

Methods: Twenty hemifacial dissections were performed.

The volar forearm fasciocutaneous extension: a strategy to maximize vascular outflow in post-burn injury hand transplantation.

Patients with circumferential extremity burns may have a deficiency of cutaneous veins, which presents a challenge for both autologous reconstruction and vascularized composite allotransplantation. The authors present a 44-year-old, left-hand-dominant man with metacarpal level amputation of his left hand secondary to burn injury. Extensive prior débridement and skin grafting resulted in nearly total absence of cutaneous veins in the forearm.

Adhesion and integration of tissue engineered cartilage to porous polyethylene for composite ear reconstruction.

The objective of this study was to assess the ability of tissue engineered cartilage to adhere to and integrate with porous polyethylene (PPE) in vivo and to evaluate the biomechanical integrity of the bond formed at the interface. Porcine auricular, articular, and costal chondrocytes were suspended in fibrin gel polymer and placed between discs of PPE to form tri-layer constructs. Controls consisted of fibroblasts suspended in gel or gel alone between the discs.