Factors affecting neurodevelopmental outcome following surgical necrotising enterocolitis: a systematic review.

Surgically treated necrotising enterocolitis (sNEC) is associated with significantly worse neurodevelopmental outcomes than that seen in premature infants without NEC. We aim to review the association between factors involved in the surgical treatment of NEC and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes to identify potential areas for improvement. The PubMed and Embase databases were interrogated for articles reporting neurodevelopmental outcomes in babies treated surgically for NEC using key terms including: "Infant", "Necrotising enterocolitis", "Surgical", "Neurodevelopmental" and "Outcomes".

Water beads ingestion presenting with repeated bowel obstruction in an infant.

An infant presented repeatedly with features of transient bowel obstruction 72 hours after unwitnessed ingestion of water beads. At the third presentation 5 days later, he underwent laparotomy and jejunal enterotomy for retrieval of obstructing water bead in the duodenum. Four other water beads were retrieved.

Psychological and social impacts on carers of children with a gastrostomy: a systematic review.

To determine the psychological and social impacts of a gastrostomy in childhood on carers and families. A systematic search of OVID, Medline and Embase was undertaken using the subject headings and word variants for 'gastrostomy', 'children' and 'carers'. Studies included were those describing the impact of gastrostomies in children on family and carers, published in English.

Abdominal Ultrasound Scanning for NEC in Babies at the Threshold of Viability: A Single Centre Experience.

Aim: Neonatal units are caring for increasing numbers of babies born <24 weeks gestation. These babies are vulnerable to developing necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Their presentation is often atypical, both clinically and radiologically.

Complete Resection of Necrotic Bowel Improves Survival in NEC Without Compromising Enteral Autonomy.

Aims: Controversy persists regarding operative strategy for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Some surgeons advocate resecting all necrotic bowel, whilst others defunction with a stoma, leaving diseased bowel in situ to preserve bowel length. We reviewed our institutional experience of both approaches.

Exploring Growth Failure in Neonates With Enterostomy.

Aim Of The Study: Neonatal enterostomy is a known risk for growth failure. We hypothesized that episodes of inflammation may drive a catabolic state, exploring this by assessing serum biochemistry alongside growth trajectory in enterostomy patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of infants with histologically confirmed NEC from 01/2012-07/2021 in a tertiary neonatal surgical centre was performed.

The Community Cost of Maintaining Gastrostomies in Pediatric Patients.

Unlabelled: The use of gastrostomies in children is increasing and their need for long-term management following insertion presents a potentially significant financial and resource challenge to local healthcare systems.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the yearly cost of maintaining a gastrostomy in a pediatric patient.

Methods: A retrospective, bottom-up cost-analysis was conducted in a cohort of 180 patients with gastrostomies aged 0-19 years.

Mixed-methods feasibility study to inform a randomised controlled trial of proton pump inhibitors to reduce strictures following neonatal surgery for oesophageal atresia.

Objectives: This mixed-methods feasibility study aimed to explore parents' and medical practitioners' views on the acceptability and design of a clinical trial to determine whether routine prophylactic proton pump inhibitors (PPI) reduce the incidence of anastomotic stricture in infants with oesophageal atresia (OA).

Design: Semi-structured interviews with UK parents of an infant with OA and an online survey, telephone interviews and focus groups with clinicians. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.

Outcomes for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies born at the threshold of viability: a case-control study.

Background: The threshold for active management of babies born prematurely in the UK is currently 22 weeks. The optimal management strategy for necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in babies born at or near this threshold remains unclear.

Aim: To review our institutional experience of babies born <24 weeks diagnosed with NEC, identify risk factors for NEC, and compare outcomes with a control cohort.

Effect of time of diagnosis to surgery on outcome, including long-term neurodevelopmental outcome, in necrotizing enterocolitis.

A systematic review of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was carried out to determine if time from diagnosis to surgery affects outcomes in necrotising enterocolitis. The study was registered on the PROSPERO website. Studies reporting both time to surgery and at least one clinical outcome measure in infants undergoing surgery for NEC were included.

The Management of Asymptomatic Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation: Results of a European Delphi Survey.

Consensus on the optimal management of asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is lacking, and comparison between studies remains difficult due to a large variety in outcome measures. We aimed to define a core outcome set (COS) for pediatric patients with an asymptomatic CPAM. An online, three-round Delphi survey was conducted in two stakeholder groups of specialized caregivers (surgeons and non-surgeons) in various European centers.

Oesophageal lengthening by traction in oesophageal atresia: The UK experience.

Aims: Preliminary reports suggest a promising role for oesophageal lengthening by traction (OLBT) in long gap oesophageal atresia (LGOA). Nevertheless, these encouraging results originate from specialist centres, and real-world experience is unquantified. We report the first multicentre, nationwide study of OLBT.

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhances the diagnosis of congenital body anomalies.

Aims: We sought to assess variability and concordance between fetal MRI and ultrasound (USS) in the evaluation of fetal body abnormalities.

Methods: All fetal body anomalies reported on F-MRI within the iFIND database (http://www.ifindproject.

Paediatric post-COVID-19 hyperinflammatory syndrome mimicking appendicitis: a case series.

Introduction: A novel hyperinflammatory syndrome has emerged in the paediatric population: paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome - temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). Up to 50% of patients develop shock with cardiac dysfunction but presentation with acute abdominal pain is common and difficult to distinguish from appendicitis.

Method: Prospective case series of PIMS-TS patients presenting to a single UK tertiary paediatric centre.

The acute scrotum in infancy: A retrospective regional study.

Introduction: Testicular torsion during infancy (<1 year) is known to be a rare event with relatively few studies on the subject in the published scientific literature. We reviewed the experience of infant scrotal exploration within a paediatric surgical network of four centres serving an approximate paediatric population of 1.8 million.

Exomphalos with intestinal fistulation: Case series and systematic review for clinical characterization, management and embryopathogenesis.

Introduction: Exomphalos with intestinal fistulation (EIF) is a rare variant of exomphalos with intestine opening to the surface of an intact sac, and may result in a diagnostic challenge. We report 3 new cases and conducted a systematic review of the literature, to characterize its association with the type of exomphalos and vitellointestinal duct (VI) as well as to evaluate its management and outcomes.

Methods: A literature search from PubMed using keywords pertaining to exomphalos and fistulation was used to identify all unique cases reported between 1950 and 2020, in addition to the case series reported here, to establish the clinical presentation, histological findings, management and outcomes.

Stepwise multidisciplinary approach in very low birthweight infant with bronchopleural fistula.

A 25-week gestation infant experienced chest infection complicated by septic shock and tension pneumothorax. Despite multiple drains, it was impossible to reinflate the lung, thus suggesting a bronchopleural fistula. Multidisciplinary meetings were arranged, involving the parents, and a stepwise approach was agreed.

Intraoperative hyperspectral label-free imaging: from system design to first-in-patient translation.

Despite advances in intraoperative surgical imaging, reliable discrimination of critical tissue during surgery remains challenging. As a result, decisions with potentially life-changing consequences for patients are still based on the surgeon's subjective visual assessment. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) provides a promising solution for objective intraoperative tissue characterisation, with the advantages of being non-contact, non-ionising and non-invasive.

Fetal body MRI and its application to fetal and neonatal treatment: an illustrative review.

This Review depicts the evolving role of MRI in the diagnosis and prognostication of anomalies of the fetal body, here including head and neck, thorax, abdomen and spine. A review of the current literature on the latest developments in antenatal imaging for diagnosis and prognostication of congenital anomalies is coupled with illustrative cases in true radiological planes with viewable three-dimensional video models that show the potential of post-acquisition reconstruction protocols. We discuss the benefits and limitations of fetal MRI, from anomaly detection, to classification and prognostication, and defines the role of imaging in the decision to proceed to fetal intervention, across the breadth of included conditions.

Point Prevalence of Gastrostomy in a Paediatric Population.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of gastrostomy in a paediatric population.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional point prevalence study of paediatric gastrostomy was performed. Patients included were ages 0 to 19 years, living within 3 inner-city London boroughs; Southwark, Lambeth, and Lewisham.