Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Overdiagnosis and Overprescriptions: Medicalization of Distractions.

The use and misuse of prescription stimulants has escalated during the past decade, with concerns of being "the next epidemic." The diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the use of prescription stimulants have rapidly increased in children and adults in the past decade. Amphetamine use more than doubled from 2006 to 2016.

Evidence for Multiple Mediator Complexes in Yeast Independently Recruited by Activated Heat Shock Factor.

Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved coactivator complex essential for RNA polymerase II transcription. Although it has been generally assumed that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mediator is a stable trimodular complex, its structural state in vivo remains unclear. Using the "anchor away" (AA) technique to conditionally deplete select subunits within Mediator and its reversibly associated Cdk8 kinase module (CKM), we provide evidence that Mediator's tail module is highly dynamic and that a subcomplex consisting of Med2, Med3, and Med15 can be independently recruited to the regulatory regions of heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1)-activated genes.

Knockdown of core binding factorβ alters sphingolipid metabolism.

Core binding factor (CBF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor containing one of three DNA-binding proteins of the Runt-related transcription factor family (RUNX1-3) and the non-DNA-binding protein, CBFβ. RUNX1 and CBFβ are the most common targets of chromosomal rearrangements in leukemia. CBF has been implicated in other cancer types; for example RUNX1 and RUNX2 are implicated in cancers of epithelial origin, including prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers.

Role of Mediator in regulating Pol II elongation and nucleosome displacement in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Mediator is a modular multisubunit complex that functions as a critical coregulator of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. While it is well accepted that Mediator plays important roles in the assembly and function of the preinitiation complex (PIC), less is known of its potential roles in regulating downstream steps of the transcription cycle. Here we use a combination of genetic and molecular approaches to investigate Mediator regulation of Pol II elongation in the model eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Association of core-binding factor β with the malignant phenotype of prostate and ovarian cancer cells.

Core binding factor (CBF) is a transcription factor complex that plays roles in development, stem-cell homeostasis, and human disease. CBF is a heterodimer composed of one of three DNA-binding RUNX proteins plus the non-DNA-binding protein, CBFβ. Recent studies have showed that the RUNX factors exhibit complex expression patterns in prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers, and CBF has been implicated in the control of cancer-related genes.