Publications by authors named "Yaqin Sun"
Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant global health challenges, with adipose tissue inflammation being a pivotal contributor to metabolic dysfunction. The involvement of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obesity-associated inflammation is well recognized, yet the therapeutic strategies specifically targeting ATM-mediated inflammation remain limited.
Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of tirzepatide, a novel dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, on ATMs, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance in the context of obesity.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the bacterial diversity during the maize wet-milling steeping process, identifying a rich microbial community consisting of 16 phyla and 290 genera in steeping liquor compared to unsteeped maize.
- As steeping progressed, Lactobacillus became the dominant bacterium, replacing other genera, leading to enhanced starch yields through the use of thermophilic and acidophilic microbial consortia.
- Combining the microbial consortium with sodium hydroxide (SO) increased starch yield to 66.4%, while also altering maize structure by disrupting the protein matrix and freeing starch granules, highlighting a more eco-friendly steeping method.
Immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer, but its efficacy is complicated by various resistance mechanisms. One of the reasons for the resistance is the internalization and recycling of PD-L1 itself upon antibody binding. The inhibition of lysosome-mediated degradation of PD-L1 is critical for preserving the amount of PD-L1 recycling back to the cell membrane.
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- Bacteriophages, or phages, are gaining popularity as a solution for antibiotic-resistant infections, but traditional methods to prepare them are costly and prone to contamination.
- Researchers used Klebsiella pneumoniae, typically a pathogen, to convert glycerol into 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) and then reused the bacteria to produce phages from fermentation broth.
- The study implemented a two-step extraction process that effectively removed impurities while yielding both 1,3-PDO and phages, presenting a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for their simultaneous production.
Article Synopsis
- Extractive adsorption is a new separation method utilizing a unique resin with both solid and liquid properties, synthesized from polystyrene-divinylbenzene and various alcohols.
- The study highlights two types of resins, OL-PS-DVB and MA-PS-DVB, which demonstrate high adsorption capacities and efficiency in recovering 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) and other byproducts compared to traditional resins.
- MA-PS-DVB significantly outperforms OL-PS-DVB in recovering various compounds, achieving over 97% recovery of 1,3-PDO and effectively removing inorganic salts and proteins from fermentation broth.
Dynamic immobilization of bacterial cells on biofilm in a polyester nonwoven chemostat.
Bioresour Bioprocess
January 2024
Article Synopsis
- Cell immobilization is crucial for using viable cells as biocatalysts in biocatalysis to create high-value products.
- A new polyester nonwoven chemostat was developed to study how cells form biofilms and the balance of cells attaching and detaching from the polyester surface.
- The polyester nonwoven effectively supports cell immobilization, demonstrating a dynamic process where cells adhere through extracellular polymeric substances, which helps maintain overall biological activity.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the use of industrial microorganisms to convert lignocellulose into valuable chemicals, which supports carbon neutrality and a sustainable bioeconomy.
- Researchers tested a specific microorganism's tolerance to high sugar concentrations, salt, and temperature variations to determine its effectiveness for fermentation in seawater.
- Results showed that the microorganism is highly adaptable, achieving a significantly improved glycerol yield when fermenting the enzymatic hydrolysate in seawater compared to using freshwater, suggesting its potential for producing bio-based chemicals efficiently.
Article Synopsis
- Glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel and ethanol production, can be bioconverted to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) using a continuous fermentation process, which offers advantages like higher product concentration and stable productivity.
- This study introduced a three-stage continuous fermentation system using Clostridium butyricum, maximizing 1,3-PDO production to 80.05 g/L while keeping residual glycerol low at 5.87 g/L.
- A kinetic model was developed from experimental data to optimize fermentation conditions, predicting that a two-stage setup could achieve similar production goals with a specific volume ratio between fermenters.
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpene with reported protective effects against various diseases, including diabetes, hepatitis, and different cancers. However, the effects of OA on obesity-induced muscle atrophy remain largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of OA on skeletal muscle production and proliferation of C2C12 cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Exercise can reduce body weight and promote white fat browning, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study investigated the role of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a hormone released from exercising muscle, in the browning of white fat in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs).
Methods: Mice were subjected to a 4 weeks of running table exercise, and fat browning was analyzed via histology, protein blotting and qPCR.
The phoD-harboring bacterial community is responsible for organic phosphorus (P) mineralization in soil and is important for understanding the interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) at the community level for organic P turnover. However, current understanding of the phoD-harboring bacterial community associated with AM fungal hyphae responses to organic P levels remains incomplete. Here, two-compartment microcosms were used to explore the response of the phoD-harboring bacterial community in the hyphosphere to organic P levels by high-throughput sequencing.
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- The study investigates how the yield of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is influenced by changes in the metabolic pathways of the bacteria Clostridium butyricum, utilizing an advanced calculation method that merges dynamic flux balance analysis with kinetic modeling.
- Optimized calculations led to a more detailed metabolic pathway, identifying key nodes such as dihydroxyacetone, α-oxoglutarate, and pathways related to serine and homocysteine that impact 1,3-PDO production.
- Key findings indicate that certain fluxes, like those converting dihydroxyacetone to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and α-oxoglutarate interactions with amino acids,
Article Synopsis
- Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a harmful mycotoxin that poses risks to food and feed safety, particularly found concentrated in corn steep liquor (CSL) after contamination.
- Researchers isolated and characterized a strain of yeast, Pichia kudriavzevii E4-205, which was able to reduce DON levels by 39.4% under specific conditions (pH 5.0, 30 °C) after 48 hours of incubation in CSL.
- The study uncovered that this yeast strain can both adsorb DON through its cell wall and degrade it using intracellular enzymes, leading to the production of a compound called 3,7,8,15-tetrahydroxyscir
Numerous studies have revealed the profound impact of microRNAs on regulating skeletal muscle development and regeneration. However, the biological function and regulation mechanism of miR-222-3p in skeletal muscle remains largely unknown. In this study, miR-222-3p was found to be abundantly expressed in the impaired skeletal muscles, indicating that it might have function in the development and regeneration process of the skeletal muscle.
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- The study examined Pennisetum giganteum (PG) as a lignocellulosic feedstock for pretreatment using acidic and basic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to produce monomeric sugars.
- Basic DESs like ChCl/MEA effectively removed 79.8% of lignin while retaining 89.5% cellulose, leading to significantly higher glucose (95.6%) and xylose (88.0%) yields compared to untreated PG.
- The research also showed improved structural properties of PG after pretreatment, such as increased porosity and reduced crystallinity, and demonstrated that the DESs were highly recyclable, recovering 90% after five cycles while still achieving high lignin removal and sugar
Article Synopsis
- Atrial fibrillation is common in patients with heart valve disease, and this study compares the effectiveness of aortic valve replacement combined with the Cox-maze IV procedure to replacement alone in patients with both calcific aortic valvular disease and atrial fibrillation.
- The study involved 108 patients, with those undergoing Cox-maze surgery showing significantly better outcomes in both survival rates (100% vs. 89%) and lower recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation compared to those who did not have the procedure.
- Results suggest that combining Cox-maze surgery with aortic valve replacement enhances mid-term survival and reduces atrial fibrillation recurrence, while factors like higher pre-operative blood pressure and increased right atrial size post-surgery
Article Synopsis
- - Obesity leads to chronic inflammation and complications like insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, prompting the need for new treatments.
- - The study explored how exosomes derived from mouse bone marrow stem cells (BMSC-Exos) can improve metabolic health in obese mice and insulin-resistant fat cells.
- - Treatment with BMSC-Exos enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced obesity by activating specific cellular pathways that increase glucose uptake.
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the Cox-Maze IV procedure (CMP-IV) in combination with valve surgery in patients with both atrial fibrillation (AF) and valvular disease and use machine learning algorithms to identify potential risk factors of AF recurrence.
Methods: A total of 1,026 patients with AF and valvular disease from two hospitals were included in the study. 555 patients received the CMP-IV procedure in addition to valve surgery and left atrial appendage ligation (CMP-IV group), while 471 patients only received valve surgery and left atrial appendage ligation (Non-CMP-IV group).
The camera and projector are indispensable hardware parts of a color fringe projection 3D measurement system. Chromatic aberration between different color channels of the projector and camera has an impact on the measurement accuracy of the color fringe projection 3D profile measurement. There are many studies on camera calibration, but the chromatic aberration of the projector remains a question deserving of further investigation.
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- Climate change is a major issue, and biotechnology offers a more sustainable method for producing chemicals, though it still faces challenges with CO2 emissions from microorganisms.
- A new bioprocess using Ca(OH) as a CO2 capture agent resulted in the production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) with a record productivity of 5.54 g/L/h, along with a substantial increase in green hydrogen generation and minimal CO emissions.
- The use of Ca(OH) also reduced soluble salts and proteins in the fermentation broth by over 50%, which could enhance the efficiency of separating valuable products like 1,3-PDO.
Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the safety and efficacy of electrophysiological mapping following the Cox-Maze IV procedure and to investigate whether a correlation exists between recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) with the completeness of bidirectional electrical isolation and the inducibility of AF immediately after the Cox-Maze IV procedure.
Methods: Totally, 80 consecutive patients who suffered from aortic valve or mitral valve disease and persistent AF were randomly enrolled into the control group and electrophysiological mapping following the Cox-Maze IV group (Electrophysio-Maze group). In the Electrophysio-Maze group, patients underwent concomitant Cox-Maze procedure and following electrophysiological mapping of ablation lines in mitral isthmus, left atrial "box," and tricuspid annulus.
Background: Natural microbial consortia could efficiently produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), a most promising bulk biochemical derived from glycerol that can be used as a monomer in the synthesis of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). While natural microbial communities are made up of a diverse range of microbes with frequently unknown functions, the construction of synthetic microbial consortia allows for the creation of more defined systems with lower complexity.
Results: In this study, the synthetic microbial consortia were constructed by combining facultative microbes of Klebsiella pneumoniae DUT2 (KP) and/or Escherichia coli DUT3 (EC) cultures with the strictly anaerobic microbe of Clostridium butyricum DUT1 (CB) cultures under micro-aerobic conditions.
Remyelination is a refractory feature of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have shown that promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation, which cannot be achieved by currently available therapeutic agents, is the key to enhancing remyelination. Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYSC) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine over many years of clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSiwu-Yin (SWY), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, can replenish blood and nourish Yin. It was recorded in ancient Chinese medicine books in treating esophageal dysphagia, which has similar symptoms and prognosis with esophageal precancerous lesions and esophageal cancer. However, its effect has not been established .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, ionic liquid-based sugaring-out extraction was developed to separate lactic acid from the synthetic solution and actual lignocellulosic fermentation broth. Except for [Emim]BF, the ILs with BF and OTF anion can form aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) with the aid of saccharides. With the same kind of saccharides, the ATPS formation ability of ILs could be promoted by increasing the side-chain length of ILs in the order of [Hmim]BF ≈ [Bmim]BF ˃ [Emim]BF due to the decrease in ILs' kosmotropicity.
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