Small extracellular vesicles derived from acute myeloid leukemia cells promote leukemogenesis by transferring miR-221-3p.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) transfer cargos between cells and participate in various physiological and pathological processes through their autocrine and paracrine effects. However, the pathological mechanisms employed by sEV-encapsulated microRNA (miRNA) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are still obscure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of AML cell-derived sEV (AML-sEV) on AML cells and delineate the underlying mechanisms.

promotes lateral plate mesoderm formation by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The role of SET domain containing 7 () during human hematopoietic development remains elusive. Here, we found that deletion of attenuated the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) during the induction of hematopoietic differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Further analysis specified that was required for lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) specification but dispensable for the generation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and HPCs.

Ruxolitinib improves hematopoietic regeneration by restoring mesenchymal stromal cell function in acute graft-versus-host disease.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic dysfunction accompanied by severe aGVHD, which may be caused by niche impairment, is a long-standing clinical problem. However, how the bone marrow (BM) niche is damaged in aGVHD hosts is poorly defined.

WDR82-binding long noncoding RNA lncEry controls mouse erythroid differentiation and maturation.

Hematopoietic differentiation is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic regulators. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be important for normal hematopoiesis, but their function in erythropoiesis needs to be further explored. We profiled the transcriptomes of 16 murine hematopoietic cell populations by deep RNA sequencing and identified a novel lncRNA, Gm15915, that was highly expressed in erythroid-related progenitors and erythrocytes.

[Research Advance of the Roles of N6-methyladenosine in the Regulation of Hematopoiesis--Review].

There are more than 150 types of chemical modifications in RNA, mainly methylation, which are widely distributed in all kinds of RNA, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, non-coding small RNA and long non-coding RNA. In recent years, the identification of RNA methylation modification enzymes and the development of high-throughput sequencing technology at transcriptome level laid a foundation for revealing the expression and function of genes regulated by chemical modification of RNA. In this review, the most recent advances of RNA methylation, especially N6-methyladenosine (ma) in the blood system, including the regulation of RNA methyltransferases, RNA demethylases and RNA binding proteins on normal and malignant hematopoiesis through the regulation of RNA methylation level were summarized briefly.

Radiation-induced bystander effects impair transplanted human hematopoietic stem cells via oxidative DNA damage.

Total body irradiation (TBI) is commonly used in host conditioning regimens for human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation to treat various hematological disorders. Exposure to TBI not only induces acute myelosuppression and immunosuppression, but also injures the various components of the HSC niche in recipients. Our previous study demonstrated that radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) of irradiated recipients decreased the long-term repopulating ability of transplanted mouse HSCs.

A splicing factor switch controls hematopoietic lineage specification of pluripotent stem cells.

Alternative splicing (AS) leads to transcriptome diversity in eukaryotic cells and is one of the key regulators driving cellular differentiation. Although AS is of crucial importance for normal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic malignancies, its role in early hematopoietic development is still largely unknown. Here, by using high-throughput transcriptomic analyses, we show that pervasive and dynamic AS takes place during hematopoietic development of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).

Heat shock transcription factor 1 regulates the fetal γ-globin expression in a stress-dependent and independent manner during erythroid differentiation.

Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is a highly versatile transcription factor that, in addition to protecting cells against proteotoxic stress, is also critical during diverse developmental processes. Although the functions of HSF1 have received considerable attention, its potential role in β-globin gene regulation during erythropoiesis has not been fully elucidated. Here, after comparing the transcriptomes of erythrocytes differentiated from cord blood or adult peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor CD34 cells in vitro, we constructed the molecular regulatory network associated with β-globin genes and identified novel and putative globin gene regulators by combining the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and context likelihood of relatedness (CLR) algorithms.

Long non-coding RNA-dependent mechanism to regulate heme biosynthesis and erythrocyte development.

In addition to serving as a prosthetic group for enzymes and a hemoglobin structural component, heme is a crucial homeostatic regulator of erythroid cell development and function. While lncRNAs modulate diverse physiological and pathological cellular processes, their involvement in heme-dependent mechanisms is largely unexplored. In this study, we elucidated a lncRNA (UCA1)-mediated mechanism that regulates heme metabolism in human erythroid cells.

Serum vascular endothelial cadherin and thrombomodulin are markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children.

Background: The diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is usually based on liver ultrasonography and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. However, the serum ALT level is not sensitive for detecting NAFLD. If more serum markers are available, serum analysis may play a more important role in the diagnosis of NAFLD.

Large noncoding RNAs are promising regulators in embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great promises for treating and studying numerous devastating diseases. The molecular basis of their potential is not completely understood. Large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of gene regulators that play essential roles in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes.

miR-294/miR-302 promotes proliferation, suppresses G1-S restriction point, and inhibits ESC differentiation through separable mechanisms.

The miR-294 and miR-302 microRNAs promote the abbreviated G1 phase of the embryonic stem cell (ESC) cell cycle and suppress differentiation induced by let-7. Here, we evaluated the role of the retinoblastoma (Rb) family proteins in these settings. Under normal growth conditions, miR-294 promoted the rapid G1-S transition independent of the Rb family.

A polar-copolymerized method to prepare silica-based anion exchanger for ion chromatography.

A novel silica-based strong anion exchanger was developed for ion chromatography by copolymerizing methyltrichlorosilane and 3-chloropropyltrichlorosilane. The method allows the column capacity to be easy control simply by adjusting the ratio of silanes. The unwanted residual silanol groups onto the surface of silica gel could also be greatly reduced by this strategy.

A cation exchange resin bead-based microscale electrolytic suppressor for capillary ion chromatography.

A cation exchange resin (CER) bead-based microscale electrolytic suppressor for capillary ion chromatography (CIC) has been fabricated and evaluated. Relative to common ion exchange membrane, the use of CER beads presents a simple way to fabricate a microscale suppressor due to its small surface area and spherical shape. The internal volume of the device is ∼600 nL, which matches the requirements by CIC.