Effect of polyethylene terephthalate plastics on nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine contaminants via sludge pyrolysis and Pb/Cu adsorption properties of biochar.

Pyrolysis is an effective process for disposing of municipal sewage sludge (SS). Plastics can affect the SS pyrolysis behaviour and pyrolysis products due to their low ash and high hydrocarbon ratio. The secondary pollutants from the pyrolysis process may also be affected.

Building a flexible and applicable sodium ion full battery based on self-supporting large-scale CNT films intertwined with ultra-long cycling NiCoS.

The major difficulties for the development of flexible energy storage batteries lie in the scalable manufacture of high-performance flexible electrodes with bending tolerance. In the present study, large-scale CNT films are prepared by a continuous production method and used to fabricate a self-supported flexible high-capacity conversion anode with ultra-long cycling life by the growth of NiCoS nanosheets tightly anchored on the CNTs. The CNTs produced such a scalable method have interconnected porous channels, providing a large contact area between the active materials and electrolyte facilitating the electrochemical conversion reaction of NiCoS.

Three-dimensional SERS sensor based on the sandwiched G@AgNPs@G/PDMS film.

Three-dimensional (3D) SERS substrate with the denser "hotspots" is synthesized by the constriction of PDMS film decorated with sandwiched graphene@AgNPs@graphene (G@AgNPs@G) nanostructure. Graphene layers above and below the AgNPs are used to absorb molecules onto the "hotspots", and prevent the oxidation of AgNPs in our design. PDMS films can be easily shrunk for 3D structures, causing advantages in enhancement ability and light-matter interaction.

Film wrap nanoparticle system with the graphene nano-spacer for SERS detection.

Film wrap nanoparticle system (FWPS) is proposed and fabricated to perform SERS effect, where the Ag nanoparticle was completely wrapped by Au film and the double-layered graphene was selected as the sub-nano spacer. In this system, the designed nanostructure can be fully rather than partly used to generate hotspots and absorb probe molecules, compared to the nanoparticle to nanoparticle system (PTPS) or nanoparticle to film system (PTFS). The optimal fabricating condition and performance of this system were studied by the COMSOL Multiphysics.

Plasma treated graphene FET sensor for the DNA hybridization detection.

Room-temperature plasma treated graphene based FET was firstly proposed for the DNA hybridization detection. Affinity and electrical properties of the graphene based DNA-FET sensor were studied and improved benefits from the surface modification. The facile room-temperature Ar plasma easily removes residues from the graphene surface and changes the hydrophilic properties of graphene, which is important for our solution gated DNA-FET sensor.

Donor effect dominated molybdenum disulfide/graphene nanostructure-based field-effect transistor for ultrasensitive DNA detection.

Field effect transistor (FET) biosensors based on low-dimensional materials have the advantages of small in size, simple structure, fast response and high sensitivity. In this work, a field-effect transistor biosensor based on molybdenum disulfide/graphene (MoS/graphene) hybrid nanostructure was proposed and fabricated for DNA hybridization detection. The biosensor achieved an effective response to DNA concentrations in a broad range from 10 aM to 100 pM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 aM was obtained, which was one or more orders of magnitude lower than the reported result.