synthesis of 1-phenethylisoquinoline in engineered .

Phenylethylisoquinoline alkaloids (PIAs) are medicinally important natural products derived from the 1-phenylethylisoquinoline precursor. Heterologous production of the PIAs remains challenging due to the incomplete elucidation of biosynthetic pathway and the lack of proper microbial cell factory designed for precursor enhancement. In this work, an artificial pathway composed of eight enzymes from different species was established for de novo 1-phenylethylisoquinoline biosynthesis in engineered .

Evolving Nonphosphorylative Metabolism for Improving Production of 2-Oxoglutarate Derivatives.

The bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products provides an alternative solution to environmental and economic challenges. Nonphosphorylative metabolism can convert pentoses and d-galacturonate into 2-oxoglutarate (2-KG) in a few steps, facilitating the production of 2-KG derivatives. However, the efficiency of the Weimberg pathway from , a type of nonphosphorylative metabolism, is constrained by the low activity of CcXylX, 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-xylonate dehydratase.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of neonicotinoid acetamiprid in Leydig cells.

At present, the reproductive toxicology of neonicotinoids has received greater attention, however, its potential mechanisms are still not fully understood. Acetamiprid (ACE) is a new-generation neonicotinoid and has become a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of ACE in TM3 Leydig cells based on transcriptome analysis.

Genome-wide identification of sweet potato U-Box E3 ubiquitin ligases and roles of IbPUB52 in negative regulation of drought stress.

The plant U-box (PUB) proteins, a family of ubiquitin ligases (E3) enzymes, are pivotal in orchestrating many biological processes and facilitating plant responses to environmental stressors. Despite their critical roles, exploring the PUB gene family's characteristics and functional diversity in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.

Prenatal BPA exposure disrupts male reproductive functions by interfering with DNA methylation and GDNF expression in the testes of male offspring rats.

BPA is a ubiquitous environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical, and maternal exposure to BPA is associated with impaired male reproductive functions; however, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays an important role in maintaining normal spermatogenesis and fertility. However, the effect of prenatal BPA exposure on GDNF expression and its mechanism in the testis has not been reported.

A chromosome-level genome assembly reveals that tandem-duplicated CYP706V oxidase genes control oridonin biosynthesis in the shoot apex of Isodon rubescens.

The ent-kaurenoids (e.g., oridonin and enmein) from the Isodon genus (Lamiaceae) are one class of diterpenoids with rich structural diversity and intriguing pharmaceutical activity.

Dodder-transmitted mobile systemic signals activate a salt-stress response characterized by a transcriptome change in .

Citrus is an essential horticultural fruit whose yield and quality are affected by salinity all over the world. The recognition and adaptive regulation of citrus against salt stress are important areas for cultivar improvement, but the vascular system signal transduction mechanism of the plant response to salt stress remains elusive. In this study, we constructed a dodder () linked Hamlin sweet orange () plant community in which deliver a vascular signal through the dodder in response to salt stress.

De novo production of versatile oxidized kaurene diterpenes in Escherichia coli.

The oxidized kaurene (Ox-Kau) compounds are the core structures of many important diterpenoids with biological activities and economical values. However, easy access to diverse Ox-Kau products is still limited by low natural abundance, and large-scale manufacture remain challenging due to lack of proper heterologous production. To achieve an abundant source alternative to natural extracts, we here report a highly effective Escherichia coli-based platform for the de novo production of multiple Ox-Kau molecules from simple carbon source.

Multi-type feature fusion based on graph neural network for drug-drug interaction prediction.

Background: Drug-Drug interactions (DDIs) are a challenging problem in drug research. Drug combination therapy is an effective solution to treat diseases, but it can also cause serious side effects. Therefore, DDIs prediction is critical in pharmacology.

Diterpene synthases from Leonurus japonicus elucidate epoxy-bridge formation of spiro-labdane diterpenoids.

Spiro-9,13-epoxy-labdane diterpenoids are commonly found in Leonurus species, particularly in Leonurus japonicus Houtt., which is a medicinal herb of long-standing use in Asia and in which such spiro-heterocycles are present in at least 38 diterpenoids. Here, through generation of a transcriptome and functional characterization of six diterpene synthases (diTPSs) from L.

Whole-Cell Biocatalyst for Rubusoside Production in .

Rubusoside (Rub) is a highly sweet diterpene glycoside mainly isolated from the leaves of (Rosaceae). It has been used as a low-calorie natural sweetener for decades and was recently found to be a potential drug lead. In this study, we designed a whole-cell biocatalyst to achieve the glycosylation of steviol to Rub in .

Functional Integration of Two CYP450 Genes Involved in Biosynthesis of Tanshinones for Improved Diterpenoid Production by Synthetic Biology.

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are important enzymes in the secondary metabolism of plants and have been recognized as key players in bioengineering and synthetic biology. Previously reported CYP76AH1 and CYP76AH3, having greater than 80% sequence homology, played a continuous catalytic role in the biosynthesis of tanshinones in . Homology modeling indicates that four sites might be responsible for differences in catalytic activity between the two enzymes.

[Accumulation and biosynthetic of curcuminoids and terpenoids in turmeric rhizome in different development periods].

The dynamic accumulation rule of active substances in medicinal plants is of great value not only for medicinal material production and application,but also for the genetic mechanism study on the formation of medicinal ingredients,especially vital to guide medicinal material collection as well as experiment material selection and candidate gene screening in the analysis of biosynthesis pathway. This study investigated the accumulation of curcumins and terpenoids,and the biosynthesis of these metabolites,which are the active metabolites in Curcuma longa,a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Rhizoma of C.

Interaction between CYP1A1/CYP17A1 polymorphisms and parental risk factors in the risk of hypospadias in a Chinese population.

Hypospadias (HS) is a common congenital malformation of the genitourinary tract in males and its etiology is viewed as multifactorial, and studies about gene-environment interaction in the etiology of HS are rare. A total of 152 cases and 151 controls were selected in the present study. Information before and during pregnancy from questionnaires finished by mothers of subjects were extracted, and the relating data were analyzed to determine the risk factors of HS.

A rapid method for establishment of a reverse genetics system for canine parvovirus.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important and highly prevalent pathogen of dogs that causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis disease. Here, we describe a rapid method for the construction and characterization of a full-length infectious clone (rCPV) of CPV. Feline kidney (F81) cells were transfected with rCPV incorporating an engineered EcoR I site that served as a genetic marker.

Induction and suppression of type I interferon responses by mink enteritis virus in CRFK cells.

Mink enteritis virus (MEV) is one of the most important viral pathogens causing serious disease in mink. Type I interferon (IFN) plays a critical role in antiviral innate immunity and, for successful infection, many viruses have evolved evasive strategies against it. Here, we show that MEV infection does not evoke IFN or interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) responses in feline kidney (CRFK) cells, and that MEV suppresses IFN production in both poly I:C-stimulated and untreated cells.

Roles of three amino acids of capsid proteins in mink enteritis parvovirus replication.

Virulent mink enteritis parvovirus (MEV) strain MEV-LHV replicated to higher titers in feline F81 cells than attenuated strain MEV-L. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the VP2 gene of MEV-LHV, MEV-L and other strains in GenBank revealed two evolutionary branches separating virulent and attenuated strains. Three residues, 101, 232 and 411, differed between virulent and attenuated strains but were conserved within the two branches.

Genetic characterization of the complete genome of an Aleutian mink disease virus isolated in north China.

The genome of a highly pathogenic strain of Aleutian disease mink virus (AMDV-BJ) isolated from a domestic farm in North China has been determined and compared with other strains. Alignment analysis of the major structural protein VP2 revealed that AMDV-BJ is unique among 17 other AMDV strains. Compared with the nonpathogenic strain ADV-G, the 3' end Y-shaped hairpin was highly conserved, while a 4-base deletion in the 5' U-shaped terminal palindrome resulted in a different unpaired "bubble" group near the NS1-binding region of the 5' end hairpin which may affect replication efficiency in vivo.

Comparison of biological and genomic characteristics between a newly isolated mink enteritis parvovirus MEV-LHV and an attenuated strain MEV-L.

A virus isolated from mink showing clinical signs of enteritis was identified as a high virulent mink enteritis parvovirus (MEV) based on its biological characteristics in vivo and in vitro. Mink, challenged with this strain named MEV-LHV, exhibited severe pathological lesions as compared to those challenged with attenuated strain MEV-L. MEV-LHV also showed higher infection and replication efficiencies in vitro than MEV-L.

The phosphorylation of Ser221 in VP2 of mink enteritis virus and its roles in virus amplification.

Recent reports have indicated that phosphorylation of capsid proteins plays an important role in virion assemblage. Autonomous parvoviruses are among the smallest known viruses with an ssDNA genome enclosed within an icosahedral capsid. Here, we demonstrate that a structural protein (VP2) of one member, mink enteritis virus (MEV), is phosphorylated at serine-221 (Ser221) in vivo.

A recombinant canine distemper virus expressing a modified rabies virus glycoprotein induces immune responses in mice.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RV) are two important pathogens of the dog. CDV, a member of the morbillivirus genus, has shown promise as an expression vector. The glycoprotein from RV is a main contributor to protective immunity and capable of eliciting the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Combination of specific single chain antibody variable fragment and siRNA has a synergistic inhibitory effect on the propagation of avian influenza virus H5N1 in chicken cells.

Background: The avian influenza virus (AIV) causes frequent disease with high morbidity and mortality. RNA interference (RNAi) has been shown to provide an effective antiviral defense in animals, and several studies have focused on harnessing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to inhibit viral infections. In addition, single chain variable fragments (scFvs) contain the complete antigen binding site, and specific scFvs can bind to and neutralize viruses.

MicroRNA miR-320a and miR-140 inhibit mink enteritis virus infection by repression of its receptor, feline transferrin receptor.

Mink enteritis virus (MEV) is one of the most important pathogens in the mink industry. Recent studies have shed light into the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs of length ranging from 18-23 nucleotides (nt), as critical modulators in the host-pathogen interaction networks. We previously showed that miRNA miR-181b can inhibit MEV replication by repression of viral non-structural protein 1 expression.

Overexpression of Banna mini-pig inbred line fatty acid binding protein 3 promotes adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Fatty acid binding protein 3 (H-FABP, FABP3) has been significantly associated with intramuscular fat (IMF) content in pigs, which is positively correlated with palatability of pork. However, its underlying function is not fully elucidated. We have investigated the effects of overexpression of the FABP3 gene on differentiation and adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in the fat Banna mini-pig inbred line (fBMIL).